Book Image

Interpretable Machine Learning with Python

By : Serg Masís
Book Image

Interpretable Machine Learning with Python

By: Serg Masís

Overview of this book

Do you want to gain a deeper understanding of your models and better mitigate poor prediction risks associated with machine learning interpretation? If so, then Interpretable Machine Learning with Python deserves a place on your bookshelf. We’ll be starting off with the fundamentals of interpretability, its relevance in business, and exploring its key aspects and challenges. As you progress through the chapters, you'll then focus on how white-box models work, compare them to black-box and glass-box models, and examine their trade-off. You’ll also get you up to speed with a vast array of interpretation methods, also known as Explainable AI (XAI) methods, and how to apply them to different use cases, be it for classification or regression, for tabular, time-series, image or text. In addition to the step-by-step code, this book will also help you interpret model outcomes using examples. You’ll get hands-on with tuning models and training data for interpretability by reducing complexity, mitigating bias, placing guardrails, and enhancing reliability. The methods you’ll explore here range from state-of-the-art feature selection and dataset debiasing methods to monotonic constraints and adversarial retraining. By the end of this book, you'll be able to understand ML models better and enhance them through interpretability tuning.
Table of Contents (19 chapters)
1
Section 1: Introduction to Machine Learning Interpretation
5
Section 2: Mastering Interpretation Methods
12
Section 3:Tuning for Interpretability

Evaluating misclassifications with gradient-based attribution methods

Gradient-based methods calculate attribution maps for each classification with both forward and background passes through the CNN. As the name suggests, these methods leverage the gradients in the backward pass to compute the attribution maps. All of these methods are local interpretation methods because they only derive a single interpretation per sample. Incidentally, attributions in this context means that we are attributing the predicted labels to areas of an image. They are often called sensitivity maps in academic literature, too.

To get started, we will first need to create an array with all of our misclassification samples (X_misclass) from the validation dataset (X_val). Many of these methods can compute the attribution maps in batch, so this facilitates the process. We can then print the shape of our misclassifications array to ensure that all 17 samples are there:

idxs = avocado_FN_idxs + grapefruit_FP_idxs...