Book Image

Python Machine Learning By Example - Third Edition

By : Yuxi (Hayden) Liu
Book Image

Python Machine Learning By Example - Third Edition

By: Yuxi (Hayden) Liu

Overview of this book

Python Machine Learning By Example, Third Edition serves as a comprehensive gateway into the world of machine learning (ML). With six new chapters, on topics including movie recommendation engine development with Naïve Bayes, recognizing faces with support vector machine, predicting stock prices with artificial neural networks, categorizing images of clothing with convolutional neural networks, predicting with sequences using recurring neural networks, and leveraging reinforcement learning for making decisions, the book has been considerably updated for the latest enterprise requirements. At the same time, this book provides actionable insights on the key fundamentals of ML with Python programming. Hayden applies his expertise to demonstrate implementations of algorithms in Python, both from scratch and with libraries. Each chapter walks through an industry-adopted application. With the help of realistic examples, you will gain an understanding of the mechanics of ML techniques in areas such as exploratory data analysis, feature engineering, classification, regression, clustering, and NLP. By the end of this ML Python book, you will have gained a broad picture of the ML ecosystem and will be well-versed in the best practices of applying ML techniques to solve problems.
Table of Contents (17 chapters)
15
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16
Index

Handling multiclass classification

One last thing worth noting is how logistic regression algorithms deal with multiclass classification. Although we interact with the scikit-learn classifiers in multiclass cases the same way as in binary cases, it is useful to understand how logistic regression works in multiclass classification.

Logistic regression for more than two classes is also called multinomial logistic regression, or better known latterly as softmax regression. As you have seen in the binary case, the model is represented by one weight vector w, and the probability of the target being 1 or the positive class is written as follows:

In the K class case, the model is represented by K weight vectors, w1, w2, ..., wK, and the probability of the target being class k is written as follows:

Note that the term normalizes probabilities  (k from 1 to K) so that they total...