Book Image

Building Statistical Models in Python

By : Huy Hoang Nguyen, Paul N Adams, Stuart J Miller
Book Image

Building Statistical Models in Python

By: Huy Hoang Nguyen, Paul N Adams, Stuart J Miller

Overview of this book

The ability to proficiently perform statistical modeling is a fundamental skill for data scientists and essential for businesses reliant on data insights. Building Statistical Models with Python is a comprehensive guide that will empower you to leverage mathematical and statistical principles in data assessment, understanding, and inference generation. This book not only equips you with skills to navigate the complexities of statistical modeling, but also provides practical guidance for immediate implementation through illustrative examples. Through emphasis on application and code examples, you’ll understand the concepts while gaining hands-on experience. With the help of Python and its essential libraries, you’ll explore key statistical models, including hypothesis testing, regression, time series analysis, classification, and more. By the end of this book, you’ll gain fluency in statistical modeling while harnessing the full potential of Python's rich ecosystem for data analysis.

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Table of Contents (22 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Conventions used
Get in touch
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1
Part 1:Introduction to Statistics
Part 1:Introduction to Statistics
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 1: Sampling and Generalization
Chapter 1: Sampling and Generalization
Software and environment setup
Population versus sample
Population inference from samples
Sampling strategies – random, systematic, stratified, and clustering
Summary
3
Chapter 2: Distributions of Data
Chapter 2: Distributions of Data
Technical requirements
Understanding data types
Measuring and describing distributions
The normal distribution and central limit theorem
Bootstrapping
Permutations
Transformations
Summary
References
4
Chapter 3: Hypothesis Testing
Chapter 3: Hypothesis Testing
The goal of hypothesis testing
Type I and Type II errors
Basics of the z-test – the z-score, z-statistic, critical values, and p-values
Summary
5
Chapter 4: Parametric Tests
Chapter 4: Parametric Tests
Assumptions of parametric tests
T-test – a parametric hypothesis test
Tests with more than two groups and ANOVA
Summary
References
6
Chapter 5: Non-Parametric Tests
Chapter 5: Non-Parametric Tests
When parametric test assumptions are violated
The Rank-Sum test
The Signed-Rank test
The Kruskal-Wallis test
Chi-square distribution
Chi-square goodness-of-fit
Chi-square test of independence
Chi-square goodness-of-fit test power analysis
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
Summary
7
Part 2:Regression Models
Part 2:Regression Models
8
Chapter 6: Simple Linear Regression
Chapter 6: Simple Linear Regression
Simple linear regression using OLS
Coefficients of correlation and determination
Required model assumptions
Testing for significance and validating models
Summary
9
Chapter 7: Multiple Linear Regression
Chapter 7: Multiple Linear Regression
Multiple linear regression
Feature selection
Shrinkage methods
Dimension reduction
Summary
10
Part 3:Classification Models
Part 3:Classification Models
11
Chapter 8: Discrete Models
Chapter 8: Discrete Models
Probit and logit models
Multinomial logit model
Poisson model
The negative binomial regression model
Summary
12
Chapter 9: Discriminant Analysis
Chapter 9: Discriminant Analysis
Bayes’ theorem
Linear Discriminant Analysis
Quadratic Discriminant Analysis
Summary
13
Part 4:Time Series Models
Part 4:Time Series Models
14
Chapter 10: Introduction to Time Series
Chapter 10: Introduction to Time Series
What is a time series?
Goals of time series analysis
Statistical measurements
The white-noise model
Stationarity
Summary
References
15
Chapter 11: ARIMA Models
Chapter 11: ARIMA Models
Technical requirements
Models for stationary time series
Models for non-stationary time series
Seasonal ARIMA models
More on model evaluation
Summary
References
16
Chapter 12: Multivariate Time Series
Chapter 12: Multivariate Time Series
Multivariate time series
ARIMAX
VAR modeling
Summary
References
17
Part 5:Survival Analysis
Part 5:Survival Analysis
18
Chapter 13: Time-to-Event Variables – An Introduction
Chapter 13: Time-to-Event Variables – An Introduction
What is censoring?
Survival data
Survival Function, Hazard and Hazard Ratio
Summary
19
Chapter 14: Survival Models
Chapter 14: Survival Models
Technical requirements
Kaplan-Meier model
Exponential model
Cox Proportional Hazards regression model
Summary
20
Index
Index
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21
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Preface

Statistics is a discipline of study used for applying analytical methods to answer questions and solve problems using data, in both academic and industry settings. Many methods have been around for centuries, while others are much more recent. Statistical analysis and results are fairly straightforward for presenting to both technical and non-technical audiences. Furthermore, producing results with statistical analysis does not necessarily require large amounts of data or compute resources and can be done fairly quickly, especially when using programming languages such as Python, which is moderately easy to work with and implement.

While artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced machine learning (ML) tools have become more prominent and popular over recent years with the increase of accessibility in compute power, performing statistical analysis as a precursor to developing larger-scale projects using AI and ML can enable a practitioner to assess feasibility and practicality before using larger compute resources and project architecture development for those types of projects.

This book provides a wide variety of tools that are commonly used to test hypotheses and provide basic predictive capabilities to analysts and data scientists alike. The reader will walk through the basic concepts and terminology required for understanding the statistical tools in this book prior to exploring the different tests and conditions under which they are applicable. Further, the reader will gain knowledge for assessing the performance of the tests. Throughout, examples will be provided in the Python programming language to get readers started understanding their data using the tools presented, which will be applicable to some of the most common questions faced in the data analytics industry. The topics we will walk through include:

  • An introduction to statistics
  • Regression models
  • Classification models
  • Time series models
  • Survival analysis

Understanding the tools provided in these sections will provide the reader with a firm foundation from which further independent growth in the statistics domain can more easily be achieved.

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