Book Image

Hands-On Graph Neural Networks Using Python

By : Maxime Labonne
Book Image

Hands-On Graph Neural Networks Using Python

By: Maxime Labonne

Overview of this book

Graph neural networks are a highly effective tool for analyzing data that can be represented as a graph, such as networks, chemical compounds, or transportation networks. The past few years have seen an explosion in the use of graph neural networks, with their application ranging from natural language processing and computer vision to recommendation systems and drug discovery. Hands-On Graph Neural Networks Using Python begins with the fundamentals of graph theory and shows you how to create graph datasets from tabular data. As you advance, you’ll explore major graph neural network architectures and learn essential concepts such as graph convolution, self-attention, link prediction, and heterogeneous graphs. Finally, the book proposes applications to solve real-life problems, enabling you to build a professional portfolio. The code is readily available online and can be easily adapted to other datasets and apps. By the end of this book, you’ll have learned to create graph datasets, implement graph neural networks using Python and PyTorch Geometric, and apply them to solve real-world problems, along with building and training graph neural network models for node and graph classification, link prediction, and much more.
Table of Contents (25 chapters)
1
Part 1: Introduction to Graph Learning
5
Part 2: Fundamentals
10
Part 3: Advanced Techniques
18
Part 4: Applications
22
Chapter 18: Unlocking the Potential of Graph Neural Networks for Real-World Applications

Predicting links with SEAL

The previous section introduced node-based methods, which learn relevant node embeddings to compute link likelihoods. Another approach consists of looking at the local neighborhood around the target nodes. These techniques are called subgraph-based algorithms and were popularized by SEAL (which could be said to stand for Subgraphs, Embeddings, and Attributes for Link prediction – though not always!). In this section, we will describe the SEAL framework and implement it using PyTorch Geometric.

Introducing the SEAL framework

Introduced in 2018 by Zhang and Chen [6], SEAL is a framework that learns graph structure features for link prediction. It defines the subgraph formed by the target nodes and their -hop neighbors as the enclosing subgraph. Each enclosing subgraph is used as input (instead of the entire graph) to predict a link likelihood. Another way to look at it is that SEAL automatically learns a local heuristic for link prediction.

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