Book Image

Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing

By : Karthiek Reddy Bokka, Shubhangi Hora, Tanuj Jain, Monicah Wambugu
Book Image

Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing

By: Karthiek Reddy Bokka, Shubhangi Hora, Tanuj Jain, Monicah Wambugu

Overview of this book

Applying deep learning approaches to various NLP tasks can take your computational algorithms to a completely new level in terms of speed and accuracy. Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing starts by highlighting the basic building blocks of the natural language processing domain. The book goes on to introduce the problems that you can solve using state-of-the-art neural network models. After this, delving into the various neural network architectures and their specific areas of application will help you to understand how to select the best model to suit your needs. As you advance through this deep learning book, you’ll study convolutional, recurrent, and recursive neural networks, in addition to covering long short-term memory networks (LSTM). Understanding these networks will help you to implement their models using Keras. In later chapters, you will be able to develop a trigger word detection application using NLP techniques such as attention model and beam search. By the end of this book, you will not only have sound knowledge of natural language processing, but also be able to select the best text preprocessing and neural network models to solve a number of NLP issues.
Table of Contents (11 chapters)

Gradients

The two types of gradients that have been identified are:

  • Exploding gradients
  • Vanishing gradients

Exploding Gradients

As the name indicates, this happens when gradients explode to much bigger values. This could be one of the problems that RNN architectures could encounter with larger timesteps. This could happen when each of the partial derivatives is larger than 1, and multiplication of these partial derivatives leads to an even larger value. These larger gradient values cause a dramatic shift in the weight values each time they are adjusted using back propagation, leading to a network that doesn't learn well.

There are some techniques used to mitigate this issue, such as gradient clipping, wherein the gradient is normalized once it exceeds a set threshold.

Vanishing Gradients

Whether it is RNNs or CNNs, vanishing gradients could be a problem if calculated loss has to travel back a lot. In CNNs, this problem could occur when there are a lot of layers with activations...