Book Image

Deep Learning with R for Beginners

By : Mark Hodnett, Joshua F. Wiley, Yuxi (Hayden) Liu, Pablo Maldonado
Book Image

Deep Learning with R for Beginners

By: Mark Hodnett, Joshua F. Wiley, Yuxi (Hayden) Liu, Pablo Maldonado

Overview of this book

Deep learning has a range of practical applications in several domains, while R is the preferred language for designing and deploying deep learning models. This Learning Path introduces you to the basics of deep learning and even teaches you to build a neural network model from scratch. As you make your way through the chapters, you’ll explore deep learning libraries and understand how to create deep learning models for a variety of challenges, right from anomaly detection to recommendation systems. The Learning Path will then help you cover advanced topics, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), transfer learning, and large-scale deep learning in the cloud, in addition to model optimization, overfitting, and data augmentation. Through real-world projects, you’ll also get up to speed with training convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) in R. By the end of this Learning Path, you’ll be well-versed with deep learning and have the skills you need to implement a number of deep learning concepts in your research work or projects.
Table of Contents (23 chapters)
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
Contributors
Preface
Index

Dealing with a small training set – data augmentation


We have been very fortunate so far to possess a large-enough training dataset with 75% of 39,209 samples. This is one of the reasons why we are able to achieve a 99.3% to 99.4% classification accuracy. However, in reality, obtaining a large training set is not easy in most supervised learning cases, where manual work is necessary or the cost of data collection and labeling is high. In our traffic signs classification project, can we still achieve the same performance if we are given a lot less training samples to begin with? Let's give it a shot.

We simulate a small training set with only 10% of the 39,209 samples and a testing set with the rest 90%:

> train_perc_1 = 0.1 
> train_index_1 <- createDataPartition(data.y, p=train_perc_1, list=FALSE) 
> train_index_1 <- train_index_1[sample(nrow(train_index_1)),] 
> data_train_1.x <- data.x[train_index_1,] 
> data_train_1.y <- data.y[train_index_1] 
> data_test_1...