Book Image

Mastering Machine Learning Algorithms - Second Edition

By : Giuseppe Bonaccorso
Book Image

Mastering Machine Learning Algorithms - Second Edition

By: Giuseppe Bonaccorso

Overview of this book

Mastering Machine Learning Algorithms, Second Edition helps you harness the real power of machine learning algorithms in order to implement smarter ways of meeting today's overwhelming data needs. This newly updated and revised guide will help you master algorithms used widely in semi-supervised learning, reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning domains. You will use all the modern libraries from the Python ecosystem – including NumPy and Keras – to extract features from varied complexities of data. Ranging from Bayesian models to the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to Hidden Markov models, this machine learning book teaches you how to extract features from your dataset, perform complex dimensionality reduction, and train supervised and semi-supervised models by making use of Python-based libraries such as scikit-learn. You will also discover practical applications for complex techniques such as maximum likelihood estimation, Hebbian learning, and ensemble learning, and how to use TensorFlow 2.x to train effective deep neural networks. By the end of this book, you will be ready to implement and solve end-to-end machine learning problems and use case scenarios.
Table of Contents (28 chapters)
26
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27
Index

Addendum to Hidden Markov Models

In the previous chapter, we discussed how it's possible to train an HMM using the forward-backward algorithm and we have seen that it is a particular application of the EM algorithm. The reader can now understand the internal dynamic in terms of E and M steps. In fact, the procedure starts with randomly initialized A and B matrices and proceeds in an alternating manner:

  • E-Step:
    • The estimation of the probability that the HMM is in the state i at time t and in the state j at time t + 1, given the observations and the current parameter estimations (A and B)
    • The estimation of the probability that the HMM is in the state i at time t given the observations and the current parameter estimations (A and B)
  • M-Step:
    • Computing the new estimation for the transition probabilities aij (A) and for the emission probabilities bip (B)

The procedure is repeated until convergence is reached. Even if there's no explicit...