Book Image

Getting Started with Google BERT

By : Sudharsan Ravichandiran
Book Image

Getting Started with Google BERT

By: Sudharsan Ravichandiran

Overview of this book

BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformer) has revolutionized the world of natural language processing (NLP) with promising results. This book is an introductory guide that will help you get to grips with Google's BERT architecture. With a detailed explanation of the transformer architecture, this book will help you understand how the transformer’s encoder and decoder work. You’ll explore the BERT architecture by learning how the BERT model is pre-trained and how to use pre-trained BERT for downstream tasks by fine-tuning it for NLP tasks such as sentiment analysis and text summarization with the Hugging Face transformers library. As you advance, you’ll learn about different variants of BERT such as ALBERT, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA, and look at SpanBERT, which is used for NLP tasks like question answering. You'll also cover simpler and faster BERT variants based on knowledge distillation such as DistilBERT and TinyBERT. The book takes you through MBERT, XLM, and XLM-R in detail and then introduces you to sentence-BERT, which is used for obtaining sentence representation. Finally, you'll discover domain-specific BERT models such as BioBERT and ClinicalBERT, and discover an interesting variant called VideoBERT. By the end of this BERT book, you’ll be well-versed with using BERT and its variants for performing practical NLP tasks.
Table of Contents (15 chapters)
1
Section 1 - Starting Off with BERT
5
Section 2 - Exploring BERT Variants
8
Section 3 - Applications of BERT

Summary

We started off the chapter by understanding how ALBERT works. We learned that ALBERT is a lite version of BERT and it uses two interesting parameter reduction techniques, called cross-layer parameter sharing and factorized embedding parameterization. We also learned about the SOP task used in ALBERT. We learned that SOP is a binary classification task where the goal of the model is to classify whether the given sentence pair is swapped or not.

After understanding the ALBERT model, we looked into the RoBERTa model. We learned that the RoBERTa is a variant of BERT and it uses only the MLM task for training. Unlike BERT, it uses dynamic masking instead of static masking and it is trained with a large batch size. It uses BBPE as a tokenizer and it has a vocabulary size of 50,000.

Following RoBERTa, we learned about the ELECTRA model. In ELECTRA, instead of using MLM task as a pre-training objective, we used a new pre-training strategy called replaced token detection. In the replaced...