Book Image

Getting Started with Google BERT

By : Sudharsan Ravichandiran
Book Image

Getting Started with Google BERT

By: Sudharsan Ravichandiran

Overview of this book

BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformer) has revolutionized the world of natural language processing (NLP) with promising results. This book is an introductory guide that will help you get to grips with Google's BERT architecture. With a detailed explanation of the transformer architecture, this book will help you understand how the transformer’s encoder and decoder work. You’ll explore the BERT architecture by learning how the BERT model is pre-trained and how to use pre-trained BERT for downstream tasks by fine-tuning it for NLP tasks such as sentiment analysis and text summarization with the Hugging Face transformers library. As you advance, you’ll learn about different variants of BERT such as ALBERT, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA, and look at SpanBERT, which is used for NLP tasks like question answering. You'll also cover simpler and faster BERT variants based on knowledge distillation such as DistilBERT and TinyBERT. The book takes you through MBERT, XLM, and XLM-R in detail and then introduces you to sentence-BERT, which is used for obtaining sentence representation. Finally, you'll discover domain-specific BERT models such as BioBERT and ClinicalBERT, and discover an interesting variant called VideoBERT. By the end of this BERT book, you’ll be well-versed with using BERT and its variants for performing practical NLP tasks.
Table of Contents (15 chapters)
1
Section 1 - Starting Off with BERT
5
Section 2 - Exploring BERT Variants
8
Section 3 - Applications of BERT

Transferring knowledge from BERT to neural networks

In this section, let's look at an interesting paper, Distilling Task-Specific Knowledge from BERT into Simple Neural Networks by the University of Waterloo. In this paper, the researchers have explained how to perform knowledge distillation and transfer task-specific knowledge from BERT to a simple neural network. Let's get into the details and understand how exactly this works.

Teacher-student architecture

To understand how exactly we transfer task-specific knowledge from BERT to a neural network, first let's take a look at the teacher BERT and student network in detail.

The teacher BERT

We use the pre-trained BERT as the teacher BERT. Here, we use the pre-trained BERT-large as the teacher BERT. Note that, here, we are transferring task-specific knowledge from the teacher to the student. So, first, we take the pre-trained BERT-large model, fine-tune it for a specific task, and then use it as the teacher.

Suppose...