Book Image

Mastering PostgreSQL 12 - Third Edition

By : Hans-Jürgen Schönig
Book Image

Mastering PostgreSQL 12 - Third Edition

By: Hans-Jürgen Schönig

Overview of this book

Thanks to its reliability, robustness, and high performance, PostgreSQL has become the most advanced open source database on the market. This third edition of Mastering PostgreSQL helps you build dynamic database solutions for enterprise applications using the latest release of PostgreSQL, which enables database analysts to design both physical and technical aspects of system architecture with ease. Starting with an introduction to the newly released features in PostgreSQL 12, this book will help you build efficient and fault-tolerant PostgreSQL applications. You’ll thoroughly examine the advanced features of PostgreSQL, including logical replication, database clusters, performance tuning, monitoring, and user management. You’ll also work with the PostgreSQL optimizer, configure PostgreSQL for high speed, and understand how to move from Oracle to PostgreSQL. As you progress through the chapters, you’ll cover transactions, locking, indexes, and how to optimize queries for improved performance. Additionally, you’ll learn how to manage network security and explore backups and replications while understanding useful PostgreSQL extensions to help you in optimizing the performance of large databases. By the end of this PostgreSQL book, you’ll be able to get the most out of your database by implementing advanced administrative tasks effortlessly.

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Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Get in touch
Free Chapter
1
Section 1: Basic Overview
Section 1: Basic Overview
2
PostgreSQL 12 Overview
PostgreSQL 12 Overview
What's new in PostgreSQL 12?
Summary
3
Understanding Transactions and Locking
Understanding Transactions and Locking
Working with PostgreSQL transactions
Understanding basic locking
Making use of FOR SHARE and FOR UPDATE
Understanding transaction isolation levels
Observing deadlocks and similar issues
Utilizing advisory locks
Optimizing storage and managing cleanup
Summary
Questions
4
Section 2: Advanced Concepts
Section 2: Advanced Concepts
5
Making Use of Indexes
Making Use of Indexes
Understanding simple queries and the cost model
Improving speed using clustered tables
Understanding additional B-tree features
Introducing operator classes
Understanding PostgreSQL index types
Achieving better answers with fuzzy searching
Understanding full-text search
Summary
Questions
6
Handling Advanced SQL
Handling Advanced SQL
Introducing grouping sets
Making use of ordered sets
Understanding hypothetical aggregates
Utilizing windowing functions and analytics
Writing your own aggregates
Summary
7
Log Files and System Statistics
Log Files and System Statistics
Gathering runtime statistics
Creating log files
Summary
Questions
8
Optimizing Queries for Good Performance
Optimizing Queries for Good Performance
Learning what the optimizer does
Understanding execution plans
Understanding and fixing joins
Enabling and disabling optimizer settings
Partitioning data
Adjusting parameters for good query performance
Making use of parallel queries
Introducing JIT compilation
Summary
9
Writing Stored Procedures
Writing Stored Procedures
Understanding stored procedure languages
Understanding various stored procedure languages
Improving functions
Using functions for various purposes
Summary
Questions
10
Managing PostgreSQL Security
Managing PostgreSQL Security
Managing network security
Digging into RLS
Inspecting permissions
Reassigning objects and dropping users
Summary
Questions
11
Handling Backup and Recovery
Handling Backup and Recovery
Performing simple dumps
Handling various formats
Replaying backups
Handling global data
Summary
Questions
12
Making Sense of Backups and Replication
Making Sense of Backups and Replication
Understanding the transaction log
Transaction log archiving and recovery
Setting up asynchronous replication
Upgrading to synchronous replication
Making use of replication slots
Making use of CREATE PUBLICATION and CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
Summary
Questions
13
Deciding on Useful Extensions
Deciding on Useful Extensions
Understanding how extensions work
Making use of contrib modules
Other useful extensions
Summary
14
Troubleshooting PostgreSQL
Troubleshooting PostgreSQL
Approaching an unknown database
Inspecting pg_stat_activity
Checking for slow queries
Inspecting the log
Checking for missing indexes
Checking for memory and I/O
Understanding noteworthy error scenarios
Summary
Questions
15
Migrating to PostgreSQL
Migrating to PostgreSQL
Migrating SQL statements to PostgreSQL
Moving from Oracle to PostgreSQL
Summary
16
Assessment
Assessment
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 5
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
17
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Understanding transaction isolation levels

Up until now, you have seen how to handle locking, as well as some basic concurrency. In this section, you will learn about transaction isolation. To me, this is one of the most neglected topics in modern software development. Only a small fraction of software developers are actually aware of this issue, which in turn leads to mind-boggling bugs.

Here is an example of what can happen:

Transaction 1

Transaction 2

BEGIN;

SELECT sum(balance) FROM t_account;

User will see 300

BEGIN;

INSERT INTO t_account (balance) VALUES (100);

COMMIT;

SELECT sum(balance) FROM t_account;

User will see 400

COMMIT;

 

Most users would actually expect the first transaction to always return 300, regardless of the second transaction. However, this isn't true. By default, PostgreSQL runs in the READ COMMITTED...

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