The Industrial Revolutions

"A revolution is a dramatic and wide-reaching change in conditions, attitudes, or operation" (Oxford Dictionary Online, www.oxforddictionaries.com, accessed 2019). People and organizations that don't align with change don't have a good chance of surviving. When most people think of revolutions, they think about a forcible overthrow that happened many years ago, such as the storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution on July 14, 1789 (see Figure 2.1):

Figure 2.1: Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789

Nowadays, we still have revolutions. Consider, for example, the Arab Spring in the early 2010s, which affected Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria, and Bahrain (Jason Brownlee, Tarek Masoud, and Andrew Reynolds. The Arab Spring: Pathways of Repression and Reform. Oxford University Press. 2015).

Changing our focus from politics and overthrows of governments to the industry and engineering domains, we can also find technological...