ElasticSearch leverages the Lucene span queries, which basically allow us to create queries that match when some tokens or phrases are placed near other tokens or phrases. When using the standard non-span queries, we are not able to make queries that are position aware—to some extent phrase queries allow that, but only to some extent.
There are five span queries exposed in ElasticSearch:
Span term query
Span first query
Span near query
Span or query
Span not query
Before we continue with the description, let us index a new document that we will be using in order to show how span queries work. To do that, we send the following command to ElasticSearch:
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/library/book/5' -d '{ "title" : "Test book", "author" : "Test author", "description" : "The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places" }'
As you can see, we used ElasticSearch's ability to update our index structure automatically and we've added the description...