Once you have found the data set that's ideal for your visualization, it's helpful to know how data stores are structured and what the different terms are.

Data is stored in tables. A table is an array of items, and it can be as simple as a single word, letter, or number, or as complicated as millions (or more) of rows of transactions with timestamps, qualitative attributes (such as size or color), and numeric facts, such as the quantity of the purchased goods.

Both a single text file of data and a worksheet in an excel workbook are tables, though this may not be apparent. When grouped together in a method that has been designed to enable a user to retrieve data from them, they constitute a database. Typically, when we think of databases, we think of the Database Management Systems (DBMS) and languages that we use to make sense of the data in tables, such as Oracle, Teradata, or Microsoft's SQL Server. Currently, the Hadoop and NoSQL platforms are very popular because...