Book Image

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Second Edition - Second Edition

By : Wolff, David A Wolff
Book Image

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Second Edition - Second Edition

By: Wolff, David A Wolff

Overview of this book

OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) is a programming language used for customizing parts of the OpenGL graphics pipeline that were formerly fixed-function, and are executed directly on the GPU. It provides programmers with unprecedented flexibility for implementing effects and optimizations utilizing the power of modern GPUs. With Version 4, the language has been further refined to provide programmers with greater power and flexibility, with new stages such as tessellation and compute. OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook provides easy-to-follow examples that first walk you through the theory and background behind each technique, and then go on to provide and explain the GLSL and OpenGL code needed to implement it. Beginner level through to advanced techniques are presented including topics such as texturing, screen-space techniques, lighting, shading, tessellation shaders, geometry shaders, compute shaders, and shadows. OpenGL Shading Language 4 Cookbook is a practical guide that takes you from the fundamentals of programming with modern GLSL and OpenGL, through to advanced techniques. The recipes build upon each other and take you quickly from novice to advanced level code. You'll see essential lighting and shading techniques; examples that demonstrate how to make use of textures for a wide variety of effects and as part of other techniques; examples of screen-space techniques including HDR rendering, bloom, and blur; shadowing techniques; tessellation, geometry, and compute shaders; how to use noise effectively; and animation with particle systems. OpenGL Shading Language 4 Cookbook provides examples of modern shading techniques that can be used as a starting point for programmers to expand upon to produce modern, interactive, 3D computer graphics applications.

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OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Second Edition - Second Edition
Wolff | David A Wolff
Dec, 2013 | 6 hours 34 minutes
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Table of Contents (12 chapters)
Preface
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Free Chapter
1
1. Getting Started with GLSL
1. Getting Started with GLSL
Introduction
Using a function loader to access the latest OpenGL functionality
Using GLM for mathematics
Determining the GLSL and OpenGL version
Compiling a shader
Linking a shader program
Sending data to a shader using vertex attributes and vertex buffer objects
Getting a list of active vertex input attributes and locations
Sending data to a shader using uniform variables
Getting a list of active uniform variables
Using uniform blocks and uniform buffer objects
Getting debug messages
Building a C++ shader program class
2
2. The Basics of GLSL Shaders
2. The Basics of GLSL Shaders
Introduction
Implementing diffuse, per-vertex shading with a single point light source
Implementing per-vertex ambient, diffuse, and specular (ADS) shading
Using functions in shaders
Implementing two-sided shading
Implementing flat shading
Using subroutines to select shader functionality
Discarding fragments to create a perforated look
3
3. Lighting, Shading, and Optimization
3. Lighting, Shading, and Optimization
Introduction
Shading with multiple positional lights
Shading with a directional light source
Using per-fragment shading for improved realism
Using the halfway vector for improved performance
Simulating a spotlight
Creating a cartoon shading effect
Simulating fog
Configuring the depth test
4
4. Using Textures
4. Using Textures
Introduction
Applying a 2D texture
Applying multiple textures
Using alpha maps to discard pixels
Using normal maps
Simulating reflection with cube maps
Simulating refraction with cube maps
Applying a projected texture
Rendering to a texture
Using sampler objects
5
5. Image Processing and Screen Space Techniques
5. Image Processing and Screen Space Techniques
Introduction
Applying an edge detection filter
Applying a Gaussian blur filter
Implementing HDR lighting with tone mapping
Creating a bloom effect
Using gamma correction to improve image quality
Using multisample anti-aliasing
Using deferred shading
Implementing order-independent transparency
6
6. Using Geometry and Tessellation Shaders
6. Using Geometry and Tessellation Shaders
Introduction
Point sprites with the geometry shader
Drawing a wireframe on top of a shaded mesh
Drawing silhouette lines using the geometry shader
Tessellating a curve
Tessellating a 2D quad
Tessellating a 3D surface
Tessellating based on depth
7
7. Shadows
7. Shadows
Introduction
Rendering shadows with shadow maps
Anti-aliasing shadow edges with PCF
Creating soft shadow edges with random sampling
Creating shadows using shadow volumes and the geometry shader
8
8. Using Noise in Shaders
8. Using Noise in Shaders
Introduction
Creating a noise texture using GLM
Creating a seamless noise texture
Creating a cloud-like effect
Creating a wood-grain effect
Creating a disintegration effect
Creating a paint-spatter effect
Creating a night-vision effect
9
9. Particle Systems and Animation
9. Particle Systems and Animation
Introduction
Animating a surface with vertex displacement
Creating a particle fountain
Creating a particle system using transform feedback
Creating a particle system using instanced particles
Simulating fire with particles
Simulating smoke with particles
10
10. Using Compute Shaders
10. Using Compute Shaders
Introduction
Implementing a particle simulation with the compute shader
Using the compute shader for cloth simulation
Implementing an edge detection filter with the compute shader
Creating a fractal texture using the compute shader
11
Index
Index

Introduction

It's easy to use shaders to create a smooth-looking surface, but that is not always the desired goal. If we want to create realistic-looking objects, we need to simulate the imperfections of real surfaces. That includes things such as scratches, rust, dents, and erosion. It is somewhat surprising how challenging it can be to make surfaces look like they have really been subjected to these natural processes. Similarly, we sometimes want to represent natural surfaces such as wood grain or natural phenomena such as clouds to be as realistic as possible without giving the impression of being synthetic or exhibiting a repetitive pattern or structure.

Most effects or patterns in nature exhibit a certain degree of randomness and non-linearity. Therefore, you might imagine that we could generate them by simply using random data. However, random data such as the kind that is generated from a pseudorandom-number generator is not very useful in computer graphics. There are two main reasons...

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