Vulkan Cookbook

By : Pawel Lapinski

Vulkan Cookbook

By: Pawel Lapinski

Overview of this book

Vulkan is the next generation graphics API released by the Khronos group. It is expected to be the successor to OpenGL and OpenGL ES, which it shares some similarities with such as its cross-platform capabilities, programmed pipeline stages, or nomenclature. Vulkan is a low-level API that gives developers much more control over the hardware, but also adds new responsibilities such as explicit memory and resources management. With it, though, Vulkan is expected to be much faster. This book is your guide to understanding Vulkan through a series of recipes. We start off by teaching you how to create instances in Vulkan and choose the device on which operations will be performed. You will then explore more complex topics such as command buffers, resources and memory management, pipelines, GLSL shaders, render passes, and more. Gradually, the book moves on to teach you advanced rendering techniques, how to draw 3D scenes, and how to improve the performance of your applications. By the end of the book, you will be familiar with the latest advanced techniques implemented with the Vulkan API, which can be used on a wide range of platforms.

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Free Chapter

Instance and Devices

Introduction

Downloading Vulkan's SDK

Enabling validation layers

Connecting with a Vulkan Loader library

Preparing for loading Vulkan API functions

Loading functions exported from a Vulkan Loader library

Loading global-level functions

Checking available Instance extensions

Creating a Vulkan Instance

Loading instance-level functions

Enumerating available physical devices

Checking available device extensions

Getting features and properties of a physical device

Checking available queue families and their properties

Selecting the index of a queue family with the desired capabilities

Creating a logical device

Loading device-level functions

Getting a device queue

Creating a logical device with geometry shaders, graphics, and compute queues

Destroying a logical device

Destroying a Vulkan Instance

Releasing a Vulkan Loader library

Image Presentation

Introduction

Creating a Vulkan Instance with WSI extensions enabled

Creating a presentation surface

Selecting a queue family that supports presentation to a given surface

Creating a logical device with WSI extensions enabled

Selecting a desired presentation mode

Getting the capabilities of a presentation surface

Selecting a number of swapchain images

Choosing a size of swapchain images

Selecting desired usage scenarios of swapchain images

Selecting a transformation of swapchain images

Selecting a format of swapchain images

Creating a swapchain

Getting handles of swapchain images

Creating a swapchain with R8G8B8A8 format and a mailbox present mode

Acquiring a swapchain image

Presenting an image

Destroying a swapchain

Destroying a presentation surface

Command Buffers and Synchronization

Introduction

Creating a command pool

Allocating command buffers

Beginning a command buffer recording operation

Ending a command buffer recording operation

Resetting a command buffer

Resetting a command pool

Submitting command buffers to a queue

Synchronizing two command buffers

Checking if processing of a submitted command buffer has finished

Waiting until all commands submitted to a queue are finished

Waiting for all submitted commands to be finished

Destroying a fence

Destroying a semaphore

Freeing command buffers

Destroying a command pool

Resources and Memory

Introduction

Creating a buffer

Allocating and binding a memory object for a buffer

Setting a buffer memory barrier

Creating a buffer view

Creating an image

Allocating and binding a memory object to an image

Setting an image memory barrier

Creating an image view

Creating a 2D image and view

Creating a layered 2D image with a CUBEMAP view

Mapping, updating and unmapping host-visible memory

Copying data between buffers

Copying data from a buffer to an image

Copying data from an image to a buffer

Using a staging buffer to update a buffer with a device-local memory bound

Using a staging buffer to update an image with a device-local memory bound

Destroying an image view

Destroying an image

Destroying a buffer view

Freeing a memory object

Destroying a buffer

Descriptor Sets

Introduction

Creating a sampler

Creating a sampled image

Creating a combined image sampler

Creating a storage image

Creating a uniform texel buffer

Creating a storage texel buffer

Creating a uniform buffer

Creating a storage buffer

Creating an input attachment

Creating a descriptor set layout

Creating a descriptor pool

Allocating descriptor sets

Updating descriptor sets

Binding descriptor sets

Creating descriptors with a texture and a uniform buffer

Freeing descriptor sets

Resetting a descriptor pool

Destroying a descriptor pool

Destroying a descriptor set layout

Destroying a sampler

Render Passes and Framebuffers

Introduction

Specifying attachments descriptions

Specifying subpass descriptions

Specifying dependencies between subpasses

Creating a render pass

Creating a framebuffer

Preparing a render pass for geometry rendering and postprocess subpasses

Preparing a render pass and a framebuffer with color and depth attachments

Beginning a render pass

Progressing to the next subpass

Ending a render pass

Destroying a framebuffer

Destroying a render pass

Shaders

Introduction

Converting GLSL shaders to SPIR-V assemblies

Writing vertex shaders

Writing tessellation control shaders

Writing tessellation evaluation shaders

Writing geometry shaders

Writing fragment shaders

Writing compute shaders

Writing a vertex shader that multiplies vertex position by a projection matrix

Using push constants in shaders

Writing texturing vertex and fragment shaders

Displaying polygon normals with a geometry shader

Graphics and Compute Pipelines

Introduction

Creating a shader module

Specifying pipeline shader stages

Specifying a pipeline vertex binding description, attribute description, and input state

Specifying a pipeline input assembly state

Specifying a pipeline tessellation state

Specifying a pipeline viewport and scissor test state

Specifying a pipeline rasterization state

Specifying a pipeline multisample state

Specifying a pipeline depth and stencil state

Specifying a pipeline blend state

Specifying pipeline dynamic states

Creating a pipeline layout

Specifying graphics pipeline creation parameters

Creating a pipeline cache object

Retrieving data from a pipeline cache

Merging multiple pipeline cache objects

Creating a graphics pipeline

Creating a compute pipeline

Binding a pipeline object

Creating a pipeline layout with a combined image sampler, a buffer, and push constant ranges

Creating a graphics pipeline with vertex and fragment shaders, depth test enabled, and with dynamic viewport and scissor tests

Creating multiple graphics pipelines on multiple threads

Destroying a pipeline

Destroying a pipeline cache

Destroying a pipeline layout

Destroying a shader module

Command Recording and Drawing

Introduction

Clearing a color image

Clearing a depth-stencil image

Clearing render pass attachments

Binding vertex buffers

Binding an index buffer

Providing data to shaders through push constants

Setting viewport states dynamically

Setting scissor states dynamically

Setting line width states dynamically

Setting depth bias states dynamically

Setting blend constants states dynamically

Drawing a geometry

Drawing an indexed geometry

Dispatching compute work

Executing a secondary command buffer inside a primary command buffer

Recording a command buffer that draws a geometry with dynamic viewport and scissor states

Recording command buffers on multiple threads

Preparing a single frame of animation

Increasing the performance through increasing the number of separately rendered frames

Helper Recipes

Introduction

Preparing a translation matrix

Preparing a rotation matrix

Preparing a scaling matrix

Preparing a perspective projection matrix

Preparing an orthographic projection matrix

Loading texture data from a file

Loading a 3D model from an OBJ file

Lighting

Introduction

Rendering a geometry with a vertex diffuse lighting

Rendering a geometry with a fragment specular lighting

Rendering a normal mapped geometry

Drawing a reflective and refractive geometry using cubemaps

Adding shadows to the scene

Advanced Rendering Techniques

Introduction

Drawing a skybox

Drawing billboards using geometry shaders

Drawing particles using compute and graphics pipelines

Rendering a tessellated terrain

Rendering a full-screen quad for post-processing

Using input attachments for a color correction post-process effect

Customer Reviews

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Getting a device queue

In Vulkan, in order to harness the processing power of a given device, we need to submit operations to the device's queues. Queues are not created explicitly by an application. They are requested during device creation: We check what families are available and how many queues each family contains. We can ask only for the subset of available queues from existing queue families, and we can't request more queues than the given family exposes.

Requested queues are created automatically along with the logical device. We don't manage them and create them explicitly. We can't destroy them either; they are also destroyed with a logical device. To use them and to be able to submit any work to the device's queues, we just need to acquire their handles.

How to do it...

Take the handle of a created logical device object. Store it in a variable of type VkDevice named logical_device.

Take the index of one of the queue families that was provided during the logical device creation in a queueFamilyIndex member of a structure of type VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo. Store it in a variable of type uint32_t named queue_family_index.
Take the index of one of the queues requested for a given queue family: The index must be smaller than the total number of queues requested for a given family in a queueCount member of the VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure. Store the index in a variable of type uint32_t named queue_index.
Prepare a variable of type VkQueue named queue.
Call vkGetDeviceQueue( logical_device, queue_family_index, queue_index, &queue ). Provide a handle to the created logical device in the first argument; the second argument must be equal to the selected queue family index; the third argument must contain a number of one of the queues requested for a given family; then, in the final parameter, provide a pointer to the queue variable. A handle to the device queue will be stored in this variable.
Repeat steps 2 to 5 for all queues requested from all queue families.

How it works...

Code that acquires the handle of a given queue is very simple:

vkGetDeviceQueue( logical_device, queue_family_index, queue_index, &queue );

We provide a handle to the created logical device, an index of the queue family, and an index of the queue requested for a given family. We must provide one of the family indices that were provided during logical device creation. This means that we can't acquire the handle of a queue from a family that wasn't specified during the logical device creation. Similarly, we can only provide an index of a queue that is smaller than the total number of queues requested from a given family.

Let's imagine the following situation: A given physical device supports five queues in the queue family No. 3. During logical device creation, we request only two queues from this queue family No. 3. So here, when we call the vkGetDeviceQueue() function, we must provide the value 3 as the queue family index. For the queue index, we can provide only values 0 and 1.

The handle of the requested queue is stored in a variable to which we provide a pointer in the final argument of the vkGetDeviceQueue() function call. We can ask for a handle of the same queue multiple times. This call doesn't create queues--they are created implicitly during logical device creation. Here, we just ask for the handle of an existing queue, so we can do it multiple times (although it may not make much sense to do so).

Vulkan Cookbook

By : Pawel Lapinski

Vulkan Cookbook

By: Pawel Lapinski

Overview of this book

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