OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook - Third Edition

By : David Wolff

Buy this Book

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook - Third Edition

By: David Wolff

Buy this Book

Overview of this book

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Third Edition provides easy-to-follow recipes that first walk you through the theory and background behind each technique, and then proceed to showcase and explain the GLSL and OpenGL code needed to implement them. The book begins by familiarizing you with beginner-level topics such as compiling and linking shader programs, saving and loading shader binaries (including SPIR-V), and using an OpenGL function loader library. We then proceed to cover basic lighting and shading effects. After that, you'll learn to use textures, produce shadows, and use geometry and tessellation shaders. Topics such as particle systems, screen-space ambient occlusion, deferred rendering, depth-based tessellation, and physically based rendering will help you tackle advanced topics. OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Third Edition also covers advanced topics such as shadow techniques (including the two of the most common techniques: shadow maps and shadow volumes). You will learn how to use noise in shaders and how to use compute shaders. The book provides examples of modern shading techniques that can be used as a starting point for programmers to expand upon to produce modern, interactive, 3D computer-graphics applications.

Title Page

Packt Upsell

Contributors

Preface

Free Chapter

Getting Started with GLSL

Introduction

Using a loading library to access the latest OpenGL functionality

Using GLM for mathematics

Determining the GLSL and OpenGL version

Compiling a shader

Linking a shader program

Saving and loading a shader binary

Loading a SPIR-V shader program

Working with GLSL Programs

Introduction

Sending data to a shader using vertex attributes and vertex buffer objects

Getting a list of active vertex input attributes and locations

Sending data to a shader using uniform variables

Getting a list of active uniform variables

Using uniform blocks and uniform buffer objects

Using program pipelines

Getting debug messages

Building a C++ shader program class

The Basics of GLSL Shaders

Introduction

Diffuse and per-vertex shading with a single point light source

Implementing the Phong reflection model

Using functions in shaders

Implementing two-sided shading

Implementing flat shading

Using subroutines to select shader functionality

Discarding fragments to create a perforated look

Lighting and Shading

Introduction

Shading with multiple positional lights

Shading with a directional light source

Using per-fragment shading for improved realism

The Blinn-Phong reflection model

Simulating a spotlight

Creating a cartoon shading effect

Simulating fog

A physically-based reflection model

Using Textures

Introduction

Applying a 2D texture

Applying multiple textures

Using alpha maps to discard pixels

Using normal maps

Parallax mapping

Steep parallax mapping with self shadowing

Simulating reflection with cube maps

Simulating refraction with cube maps

Applying a projected texture

Rendering to a texture

Using sampler objects

Diffuse image-based lighting

Image Processing and Screen Space Techniques

Introduction

Applying an edge detection filter

Applying a Gaussian blur filter

Implementing HDR lighting with tone mapping

Creating a bloom effect

Using gamma correction to improve image quality

Using multisample anti-aliasing

Using deferred shading

Screen space ambient occlusion

Configuring the depth test

Implementing order-independent transparency

Using Geometry and Tessellation Shaders

Introduction

Point sprites with the geometry shader

Drawing a wireframe on top of a shaded mesh

Drawing silhouette lines using the geometry shader

Tessellating a curve

Tessellating a 2D quad

Tessellating a 3D surface

Tessellating based on depth

Shadows

Introduction

Rendering shadows with shadow maps

Anti-aliasing shadow edges with PCF

Creating soft shadow edges with random sampling

Creating shadows using shadow volumes and the geometry shader

Using Noise in Shaders

Introduction

Creating a noise texture using GLM

Creating a seamless noise texture

Creating a cloud-like effect

Creating a wood-grain effect

Creating a disintegration effect

Creating a paint-spatter effect

Creating a rusted metal effect

Creating a night-vision effect

Particle Systems and Animation

Introduction

Animating a surface with vertex displacement

Creating a particle fountain

Creating a particle system using transform feedback

Creating a particle system using instanced meshes

Simulating fire with particles

Simulating smoke with particles

Using Compute Shaders

Introduction

Implementing a particle simulation with the compute shader

Creating a fractal texture using the compute shader

Using the compute shader for cloth simulation

Implementing an edge detection filter with the compute shader

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Simulating fog

A simple fog effect can be achieved by mixing the color of each fragment with a constant fog color. The amount of influence of the fog color is determined by the distance from the camera. We could use either a linear relationship between the distance and the amount of fog color, or we could use a non-linear relationship such as an exponential one.

The following image shows four teapots rendered with a fog effect produced by mixing the fog color in a linear relationship with distance:

To define this linear relationship, we can use the following equation:

In the preceding equation, d_min is the distance from the eye where the fog is minimal (no fog contribution), and d_max is the distance where the fog color obscures all other colors in the scene. The variable z represents the distance from the eye. The value f is the fog factor. A fog factor of zero represents 100% fog, and a factor of one represents no fog. Since fog typically looks thickest at longer distances, the fog factor...

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook - Third Edition

By : David Wolff

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook - Third Edition

By: David Wolff

Overview of this book

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Simulating fog