Statistics is heavily used in GIS, and there is a special branch of statistics that deals with field data specifically. This special branch of statistics uses spatial data with a continuous index. It is able to provide methods to model spatial correlation and predict values at arbitrary locations, which is also known as interpolation.
When geographic phenomena are measured, the observation methods can dictate the accuracy of any analysis. There are limits caused by the nature of some data, where there is a constant or dynamic degree of precision that is always lost in measurement. This loss of precision is determined by the scale and distribution of the data collection.
When determining the statistical relevance of any analysis, the average has to be determined so that the points outside of any measurement can be included to their predicted behavior. Applied statistics and data collection methods have a limitation to predicting the behavior of particles, points, and...