It is known that one of the most important things to do (working in every workflow with every 3D package) is to give all the assets proper and explicative names; that is, in our case, to the materials and to the textures.
Start Blender, go to the File menu in the top-left corner of the screen, and choose Load Factory Setting (this is just to be sure to start with the default Blender/Cycles settings):
Now, if you are in Blender Internal mode, switch to Cycles Render.
Select the default Cube and go to the Material window in the Properties panel: the default cube already has a material assigned. This material has already been named by Blender itself, yes, Material:
When you create a new material, for example by clicking on the + symbol on the side of the material data block (Add a new material) under the Properties panel, Blender automatically assigns a new name to this material, usually something like Material.001, Material.002, Material.003, and so...