Book Image

Internet of Things with Python

By : Gaston C. Hillar
Book Image

Internet of Things with Python

By: Gaston C. Hillar

Overview of this book

Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way devices/things interact with each other. And when you have IoT with Python on your side, you'll be able to build interactive objects and design them. This book lets you stay at the forefront of cutting-edge research on IoT. We'll open up the possibilities using tools that enable you to interact with the world, such as Intel Galileo Gen 2, sensors, and other hardware. You will learn how to read, write, and convert digital values to generate analog output by programming Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in Python. You will get familiar with the complex communication system included in the board, so you can interact with any shield, actuator, or sensor. Later on, you will not only see how to work with data received from the sensors, but also perform actions by sending them to a specific shield. You'll be able to connect your IoT device to the entire world, by integrating WiFi, Bluetooth, and Internet settings. With everything ready, you will see how to work in real time on your IoT device using the MQTT protocol in python. By the end of the book, you will be able to develop IoT prototypes with Python, libraries, and tools.

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Internet of Things with Python
Gaston C. Hillar
May, 2016 | 388 pages
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Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Internet of Things with Python
Internet of Things with Python
Credits
Credits
About the Author
About the Author
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
About the Reviewer
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Understanding the Intel Galileo Gen 2 board and its components
Recognizing the Input/Output and the Arduino 1.0 pinout
Recognizing additional expansion and connectivity capabilities
Understanding the buttons and the LEDs
Checking and upgrading the board's firmware
Test your knowledge
Summary
2
Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Setting up the board to work with Python as the programming language
Retrieving the board's assigned IP address
Connecting to the board's operating system
Installing and upgrading the necessary libraries to interact with the board
Installing pip and additional libraries
Invoking the Python interpreter
Test your knowledge
Summary
3
Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Turning on and off an onboard component
Prototyping with breadboards
Working with schematics to wire digital outputs
Counting from 1 to 9 with LEDs, Python code and the mraa library
Taking advantage of object-oriented code to control digital outputs
Improving our object-oriented code to provide new features
Isolating the pin numbers to improve wirings
Controlling digital outputs with the wiring-x86 library
Test your knowledge
Summary
4
Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Printing numbers in LEDs with a RESTful API
Composing and sending HTTP requests
Wiring pins with PWM capabilities
Using PWM to generate analog values
Generating analog values via HTTP requests
Preparing the RESTful API for Web application requirements
Using PWM plus a RESTful API to set colors for an RGB LED
Controlling PWM with the wiring-x86 library
Test your knowledge
Summary
5
Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Understanding pushbuttons and pullup resistors
Wiring digital input pins with pushbuttons
Reading pushbutton statuses with digital inputs and the mraa library
Reading pushbutton statuses and running a RESTful API
Reading digital inputs with the wiring-x86 library
Using interrupts to detect pressed pushbuttons
Test your knowledge
Summary
6
Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Understanding the analog inputs
Wiring an analog input pin with a voltage source
Measuring voltage with analog inputs and the mraa library
Wiring a photoresistor to an analog input pin
Determining the darkness level with analog inputs and the mraa library
Firing actions when the environment light changes
Controlling analog inputs with the wiring-x86 library
Logging to files in the local storage
Working with USB attached storage
Test your knowledge
Summary
7
Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Understanding sensors and their connection types
Working with accelerometers
Wiring an analog accelerometer to the analog input pins
Measuring three axis acceleration with an analog accelerometer
Wiring a digital accelerometer to the IC bus
Measuring three axis acceleration with a digital accelerometer
Using the IC bus to control a digital accelerometer with the mraa library
Wiring an analog temperature sensor
Measuring ambient temperature with an analog sensor
Wiring a digital temperature and humidity sensor to the IC bus
Measuring temperature and humidity with a digital sensor
Test your knowledge
Summary
8
Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Understanding LCD displays and their connection types
Wiring an LCD RGB backlight to the IC bus
Displaying text on an LCD display
Wiring an OLED dot matrix to the IC bus
Displaying text on an OLED display
Wiring a servo motor
Positioning a shaft to indicate a value with a servo motor
Test your knowledge
Summary
9
Working with the Cloud
Working with the Cloud
Publishing data to the cloud with dweepy
Building a web-based dashboard with Freeboard
Sending and receiving data in real-time through Internet with PubNub
Publishing messages with commands through the PubNub cloud
Working with bi-directional communications
Publishing messages to the cloud with a Python PubNub client
Using MQTT with Mosquitto and Eclipse Paho
Publishing messages to a Mosquitto broker with a Python client
Test your knowledge
Summary
10
Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Understanding the relationship between Internet of Things and Big Data
Understanding the Intel IoT Analytics structure
Setting up devices in Intel IoT Analytics
Setting up components in Intel IoT Analytics
Collecting sensor data with Intel IoT Analytics
Analyzing sensor data with Intel IoT Analytics
Triggering alerts with rules in Intel IoT Analytics
Test your knowledge
Summary
Exercise Answers
Exercise Answers
Chapter 1, Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Chapter 2, Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Chapter 3, Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Chapter 4, Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Chapter 5, Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Chapter 6, Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Chapter 7, Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Chapter 8, Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Chapter 9, Working with the Cloud
Chapter 10, Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Index
Index

Wiring pins with PWM capabilities

We want to control the output voltage to make it possible to fade in and fade out three LEDs of three different colors: red, green and blue. The lower the output voltage, the lower the brightness level for the LEDs. The higher the output voltage, the higher the brightness level for the LEDs. Thus, as the output voltage is nearer to 0V, the brightness for the LEDs is lower and when the output voltage is nearer the IOREF voltage, that is, 5V in our actual configuration, the brightness is higher for the LEDs. Specifically, we want to be able to set 256 brightness levels for each LED, from 0 to 255. In this case, we will use three LEDs but we will move to a single RGB LED capable of mixing the three colors in a single electronic component later in this chapter.

When we worked with GPIO pins configured as digital outputs, we could set an output voltage of 0V (low value) or the IOREF voltage, that is, 5V in our actual configuration (high value). Thus, we could...

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