Many people who work with Max/MSP also like analog modular synths since the idea behind the two is pretty similar: connecting boxes, tweaking parameters, and making sound. Analog modular synths use control voltage (CV) to communicate, send triggers, control pitch, and the like. How could we use a great sequencer that we just created in Max to control our analog modular synth? Well, there are a couple of options, some of which require the acquisition of additional equipment or software, but we'll stick to the most simple one: using our audio interface to send out CV signals (please take a look at the section about Arduino too; it also generates voltages and is a very handy tool for this task too).

There are two problems when using an audio interface for the generation of CV signals:

AC coupling essentially means that there is a high-pass filter or a DC-blocking filter, after the DAC, the digital-to-analog converter. Since CV signals...