The first interactive computer graphics project was carried out on the Whirlwind computer, which was used in an attempt to create a flight simulator for the military. Other early adopters were GM and Boeing who tried to use the computer to help them design automobiles and airplanes.

The history of interactive graphics began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1961 with two big projects, one of which was called Sketchpad. It's shown in the next image that was provided by MIT. Sketchpad was created by Ivan Sutherland, and it was the forerunner of programs such as Blender. You can see Timothy Johnson using it to model what looks like a chair. To control it, he's using a light pen, the box with 40 buttons on it, and all the switches on the panel to his left. Blender also requires both hands to operate.

The other project was a game called Spacewar!, by Steve Russell, which was the first video game to be distributed.

Let's continue with our tour. We're going to look at a demonstration of Sketchpad. Then, we will look at Triple I, a company founded by three MIT professors to build advanced computer graphics display hardware, and we will see what their in-house 3D animation department was learning. Finally, we will look at the first short film from Pixar, where the animation and the computer animation industries met.