So, let me introduce you to servo motor. Servo motor is basically a motor with a few added components. Now to understand what those added components, let's first go through this example. Let's say that you want to go to London. Now to see how you have to go there and what would be the route to reach London, the first thing you need to know is that where exactly you are now. If you don't know where you are currently, it is impossible to calculate a route. Similarly, if we want to reach a certain position of motor, we need to know where the shaft of the motor is standing right now. To do this, we use a potentiometer. A potentiometer is basically a variable resistor that essentially has a shaft that when rotated changes the value of resistance. A variable resistor looks like this:
When the value of resistor change, then the output voltage from the resistor will also change. The interesting thing is that if the input voltage to the potentiometer is well known, then the output voltage...