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Embedded Systems Architecture

By : Daniele Lacamera

3.9 (8)

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Embedded Systems Architecture

3.9 (8)

By: Daniele Lacamera

Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Embedded systems are self-contained devices with a dedicated purpose. We come across a variety of fields of applications for embedded systems in industries such as automotive, telecommunications, healthcare and consumer electronics, just to name a few. Embedded Systems Architecture begins with a bird's eye view of embedded development and how it differs from the other systems that you may be familiar with. You will first be guided to set up an optimal development environment, then move on to software tools and methodologies to improve the work flow. You will explore the boot-up mechanisms and the memory management strategies typical of a real-time embedded system. Through the analysis of the programming interface of the reference microcontroller, you'll look at the implementation of the features and the device drivers. Next, you'll learn about the techniques used to reduce power consumption. Then you will be introduced to the technologies, protocols and security aspects related to integrating the system into IoT solutions. By the end of the book, you will have explored various aspects of embedded architecture, including task synchronization in a multi-threading environment, and the safety models adopted by modern real-time operating systems.

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

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Embedded Systems – A Pragmatic Approach

Domain definition

RAM

Flash memory

Interfaces and peripherals

Connected systems

The reference platform

Summary

Work Environment and Workflow Optimization

Workflow overview

The GCC toolchain

Interacting with the target

Validation

Summary

Architectural Patterns

Configuration management

Source code organization

The life cycle of an embedded project

Summary

The Boot-Up Procedure

The interrupt vector table

Memory layout

Building and running the boot code

Multiple boot stages

Summary

Memory Management

Memory mapping

The execution stack

Heap management

The memory protection unit

Summary

General-Purpose Peripherals

The interrupt controller

System time

Generic timers

General-purpose I/O

The watchdog

Summary

Local Bus Interfaces

Introducing serial communication

UART-based asynchronous serial bus

SPI bus

I2C bus

Summary

Low-Power Optimizations

System configuration

Measuring power

Designing low-power embedded applications

Summary

Distributed Systems and IoT Architecture

Network interfaces

The Internet Protocols

Transport Layer Security

Application protocols

Summary

Parallel Tasks and Scheduling

Task management

Scheduler implementation

Synchronization

System resource separation

Summary

Embedded Operating Systems

Real-time application platforms

Low-power IoT systems

POSIX-compliant systems

The future of safe embedded systems

Summary

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Interacting with the target

For development purposes, embedded platforms are usually accessed through a JTAG or an SWD interface. Through these communication channels, it is possible to upload the software onto the flash of the target, and access the on-chip debug functionalities. There are several self-contained JTAG/SWD adapters on the market that can be controlled through USB from the host, while some development boards are equipped with an extra chip controlling the JTAG channel, that connects to the host through USB.

A powerful generic open source tool to access JTAG/SWD functionalities on the target is the Open On-Chip Debugger (OpenOCD). Once properly configured, it creates local sockets that can be used as a command console and for the interaction with the debugger frontend. Some development boards are distributed with additional interfaces to communicate with the core...