In electronics, sensors are components built to detect any changes of a particular matter or particle property. When any change occurs, the sensor provides a voltage variation that can change the current flow and behavior of other electric components. If a microcontroller is connected to a sensor, it can decide to take different actions according to the running program.

Sensors can detect changes in many properties, such as heat radiation, humidity, light, radio, sound waves, and many others. When we are using a sensor in our projects, we have to choose a particular property to listen to and then we need to read and manage the voltage variation. Sometimes, to perform our checks, we need to transform these electrical changes into other measurement units, such as meters or temperature's degree. At other times, we may use more complex sensors that already make a total or a partial conversion for us. For example, if we are building a robot rover, we may need to...