Book Image

Internet of Things with Python

By : Gaston C. Hillar
Book Image

Internet of Things with Python

By: Gaston C. Hillar

Overview of this book

Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing the way devices/things interact with each other. And when you have IoT with Python on your side, you'll be able to build interactive objects and design them. This book lets you stay at the forefront of cutting-edge research on IoT. We'll open up the possibilities using tools that enable you to interact with the world, such as Intel Galileo Gen 2, sensors, and other hardware. You will learn how to read, write, and convert digital values to generate analog output by programming Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in Python. You will get familiar with the complex communication system included in the board, so you can interact with any shield, actuator, or sensor. Later on, you will not only see how to work with data received from the sensors, but also perform actions by sending them to a specific shield. You'll be able to connect your IoT device to the entire world, by integrating WiFi, Bluetooth, and Internet settings. With everything ready, you will see how to work in real time on your IoT device using the MQTT protocol in python. By the end of the book, you will be able to develop IoT prototypes with Python, libraries, and tools.

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Internet of Things with Python
Gaston C. Hillar
May, 2016 | 388 pages
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Table of Contents (19 chapters)
Internet of Things with Python
Internet of Things with Python
Credits
Credits
About the Author
About the Author
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
About the Reviewer
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Understanding the Intel Galileo Gen 2 board and its components
Recognizing the Input/Output and the Arduino 1.0 pinout
Recognizing additional expansion and connectivity capabilities
Understanding the buttons and the LEDs
Checking and upgrading the board's firmware
Test your knowledge
Summary
2
Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Setting up the board to work with Python as the programming language
Retrieving the board's assigned IP address
Connecting to the board's operating system
Installing and upgrading the necessary libraries to interact with the board
Installing pip and additional libraries
Invoking the Python interpreter
Test your knowledge
Summary
3
Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Turning on and off an onboard component
Prototyping with breadboards
Working with schematics to wire digital outputs
Counting from 1 to 9 with LEDs, Python code and the mraa library
Taking advantage of object-oriented code to control digital outputs
Improving our object-oriented code to provide new features
Isolating the pin numbers to improve wirings
Controlling digital outputs with the wiring-x86 library
Test your knowledge
Summary
4
Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Printing numbers in LEDs with a RESTful API
Composing and sending HTTP requests
Wiring pins with PWM capabilities
Using PWM to generate analog values
Generating analog values via HTTP requests
Preparing the RESTful API for Web application requirements
Using PWM plus a RESTful API to set colors for an RGB LED
Controlling PWM with the wiring-x86 library
Test your knowledge
Summary
5
Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Understanding pushbuttons and pullup resistors
Wiring digital input pins with pushbuttons
Reading pushbutton statuses with digital inputs and the mraa library
Reading pushbutton statuses and running a RESTful API
Reading digital inputs with the wiring-x86 library
Using interrupts to detect pressed pushbuttons
Test your knowledge
Summary
6
Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Understanding the analog inputs
Wiring an analog input pin with a voltage source
Measuring voltage with analog inputs and the mraa library
Wiring a photoresistor to an analog input pin
Determining the darkness level with analog inputs and the mraa library
Firing actions when the environment light changes
Controlling analog inputs with the wiring-x86 library
Logging to files in the local storage
Working with USB attached storage
Test your knowledge
Summary
7
Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Understanding sensors and their connection types
Working with accelerometers
Wiring an analog accelerometer to the analog input pins
Measuring three axis acceleration with an analog accelerometer
Wiring a digital accelerometer to the IC bus
Measuring three axis acceleration with a digital accelerometer
Using the IC bus to control a digital accelerometer with the mraa library
Wiring an analog temperature sensor
Measuring ambient temperature with an analog sensor
Wiring a digital temperature and humidity sensor to the IC bus
Measuring temperature and humidity with a digital sensor
Test your knowledge
Summary
8
Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Understanding LCD displays and their connection types
Wiring an LCD RGB backlight to the IC bus
Displaying text on an LCD display
Wiring an OLED dot matrix to the IC bus
Displaying text on an OLED display
Wiring a servo motor
Positioning a shaft to indicate a value with a servo motor
Test your knowledge
Summary
9
Working with the Cloud
Working with the Cloud
Publishing data to the cloud with dweepy
Building a web-based dashboard with Freeboard
Sending and receiving data in real-time through Internet with PubNub
Publishing messages with commands through the PubNub cloud
Working with bi-directional communications
Publishing messages to the cloud with a Python PubNub client
Using MQTT with Mosquitto and Eclipse Paho
Publishing messages to a Mosquitto broker with a Python client
Test your knowledge
Summary
10
Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Understanding the relationship between Internet of Things and Big Data
Understanding the Intel IoT Analytics structure
Setting up devices in Intel IoT Analytics
Setting up components in Intel IoT Analytics
Collecting sensor data with Intel IoT Analytics
Analyzing sensor data with Intel IoT Analytics
Triggering alerts with rules in Intel IoT Analytics
Test your knowledge
Summary
Exercise Answers
Exercise Answers
Chapter 1, Understanding and Setting up the Base IoT Hardware
Chapter 2, Working with Python on Intel Galileo Gen 2
Chapter 3, Interacting with Digital Outputs with Python
Chapter 4, Working with a RESTful API and Pulse Width Modulation
Chapter 5, Working with Digital Inputs, Polling and Interrupts
Chapter 6, Working with Analog Inputs and Local Storage
Chapter 7, Retrieving Data from the Real World with Sensors
Chapter 8, Displaying Information and Performing Actions
Chapter 9, Working with the Cloud
Chapter 10, Analyzing Huge Amounts of Data with Cloud-based IoT Analytics
Index
Index

Understanding the buttons and the LEDs

The front of the board provides two buttons located at the bottom labeled REBOOT and RESET. The following image shows these two buttons:

The button labeled REBOOT resets the Intel Quark SoC X1000 application processor. The button labeled RESET resets the sketch and any shield attached to the board. In this book, we won't be working with the Arduino sketches but we might need to reset a shield.

There are five rectangular LEDs located next to the USB 2.0 host connector: two LEDs on the left-hand side of the connector and three LEDs on the right-hand side. The following are the labels and the meaning of the LEDs:

  • OC: The LED signals over-current when the board is powered through the micro USB connector. However, this feature is not enabled on Intel Galileo Gen 2 boards, and therefore, we just have the LED turned off. If the LED turns on, it means that the board is not working OK or the power supply is failing. This LED usually turns on when the board is bricked. We say a board is bricked when it doesn't work anymore and is technologically as useful as a brick.

  • USB: It is the micro USB ready LED. The LED turns on after the board has finished the boot process and allows us to connect the micro USB cable to the micro USB connection labeled USB CLIENT. We should never connect a cable to the micro USB connection before this LED turns on because we can damage the board.

  • L: The LED is connected to pin 13 of the digital I/O pins, and therefore, a high level sent to pin 13 will turn on this LED and a low level will turn it off.

  • ON: It is a power LED and indicates that the board is connected to the power supply.

  • SD: The LED indicates I/O activity with the microSD card connector, labeled SDIO, and therefore, this LED will blink whenever the board is reading or writing on the microSD card.

The following image shows the OC and USB LEDs on the left-hand side of the USB 2.0 host connector and the L, ON and SD LEDs on its right-hand side.

The board includes an integrated real-time clock, known as RTC. It is possible to connect a 3V coin-cell battery to keep the RTC operation between turn-on cycles. Unluckily, the battery is not included in the box. The two RTC coin-cell connector pins are located in the lower-left corner of the Intel Quark SoC X1000 application processor, labeled COIN and with a battery icon. The next image shows the two RTC coin-cell connector pins.

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