The L298N motor driver IC can control two motors at a time. It consists of a dual H-bridge circuit. This means it consists of two circuits that look like the one shown in the following diagram, one for each motor:
The H-bridge circuit consists of four switches S1, S2, 
, and 
. These switches will open and close based on the input that we provide to the L298N IC.
Now, since we have two motors, there are four possible input combinations that we can provide to the L298N IC, as follows:
- HIGH HIGH (1, 1)
- HIGH LOW (1, 0)
- LOW HIGH (0, 1)
- LOW LOW (0, 0)
We will provide the HIGH (1) and LOW (0) signal to the S1 and S2 switches, as follows:
- First, when S1 = 1 and S2 =0, the S1 switch will be closed and the S2 switch will remain open.
, or 
, will be 0, so the 
switch will be open. 
, or 
, will be 1, so the 
switch will be closed. Now, since the S1 and 
switches...