Raspbian is the choice of software we will use to drive the Pi, an OS that our code will run in. It is the official operating system recommended by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, and comes with software specifically prepared to make working with the Raspberry Pi easier. Raspbian can be set up to support a full desktop, albeit that, due to the Raspberry Pi's hardware limitations, it would feel a little less powerful and slower than your normal laptop.
Raspbian is based on the Debian Linux distribution, which is a collection of software set up to run together, giving lots of functionality and many possibilities. Linux distributions like this are the basis of many large internet servers, mobile phones, and other devices with apps. Raspbian has the software closest to the Raspberry Pi hardware, namely the kernel and drivers, which are made specifically for the...