Book Image

Getting Started with Python for the Internet of Things

By : Tim Cox, Steven Lawrence Fernandes, Sai Yamanoor, Srihari Yamanoor, Prof. Diwakar Vaish
Book Image

Getting Started with Python for the Internet of Things

By: Tim Cox, Steven Lawrence Fernandes, Sai Yamanoor, Srihari Yamanoor, Prof. Diwakar Vaish

Overview of this book

This Learning Path takes you on a journey in the world of robotics and teaches you all that you can achieve with Raspberry Pi and Python. It teaches you to harness the power of Python with the Raspberry Pi 3 and the Raspberry Pi zero to build superlative automation systems that can transform your business. You will learn to create text classifiers, predict sentiment in words, and develop applications with the Tkinter library. Things will get more interesting when you build a human face detection and recognition system and a home automation system in Python, where different appliances are controlled using the Raspberry Pi. With such diverse robotics projects, you'll grasp the basics of robotics and its functions, and understand the integration of robotics with the IoT environment. By the end of this Learning Path, you will have covered everything from configuring a robotic controller, to creating a self-driven robotic vehicle using Python. • Raspberry Pi 3 Cookbook for Python Programmers - Third Edition by Tim Cox, Dr. Steven Lawrence Fernandes • Python Programming with Raspberry Pi by Sai Yamanoor, Srihari Yamanoor • Python Robotics Projects by Prof. Diwakar Vaish

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Getting Started with Python for the Internet of Things
Tim Cox | Steven Lawrence Fernandes | Sai Yamanoor | Srihari Yamanoor | Prof. Diwakar Vaish
Feb, 2019 | 12 hours 12 minutes
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Table of Contents (37 chapters)
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Copyright and Credits
About Packt
About Packt
Contributors
Contributors
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Getting Started with a Raspberry Pi 3 Computer
Getting Started with a Raspberry Pi 3 Computer
Introduction
Connecting to Raspberry Pi
Using NOOBS to set up your Raspberry Pi SD card
Networking and connecting your Raspberry Pi to the internet via an Ethernet port, using a CAT6 Ethernet cable
Using built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on Raspberry Pi
Configuring your network manually
Networking directly to a laptop or computer
Networking and connecting your Raspberry Pi to the internet via a USB Wi-Fi dongle
Connecting to the internet through a proxy server
Connecting remotely to Raspberry Pi over the network using VNC
Connecting remotely to Raspberry Pi over the network using SSH (and X11 forwarding)
Sharing the home folder of Raspberry Pi with SMB
Keeping Raspberry Pi up to date
2
Dividing Text Data and Building Text Classifiers
Dividing Text Data and Building Text Classifiers
Introduction
Building a text classifier
Pre-processing data using tokenization
Stemming text data
Dividing text using chunking
Building a bag-of-words model
Applications of text classifiers
3
Using Python for Automation and Productivity
Using Python for Automation and Productivity
Introduction
Using Tkinter to create graphical user interfaces
Creating a graphical application – Start menu
Displaying photo information in an application
Organizing your photos automatically
4
Predicting Sentiments in Words
Predicting Sentiments in Words
Building a Naive Bayes classifier
Logistic regression classifier
Splitting the dataset for training and testing
Evaluating the accuracy using cross-validation
Analyzing the sentiment of a sentence
Identifying patterns in text using topic modeling
Applications of sentiment analysis
5
Detecting Edges and Contours in Images
Detecting Edges and Contours in Images
Introduction
Loading, displaying, and saving images
Image flipping
Image scaling
Erosion and dilation
Image segmentation
Blurring and sharpening images
Detecting edges in images
Histogram equalization
Detecting corners in images
6
Building Face Detector and Face Recognition Applications
Building Face Detector and Face Recognition Applications
Introduction
Building a face detector application
Building a face recognition application
Applications of a face recognition system
7
Using Python to Drive Hardware
Using Python to Drive Hardware
Introduction
Controlling an LED
Responding to a button
A controlled shutdown button
The GPIO keypad input
Multiplexed color LEDs
Writing messages using persistence of vision
8
Sensing and Displaying Real-World Data
Sensing and Displaying Real-World Data
Introduction
Using devices with the I2C bus
Reading analog data using an analog-to-digital converter
Logging and plotting data
Extending the Raspberry Pi GPIO with an I/O expander
Capturing data in an SQLite database
Viewing data from your own webserver
Sensing and sending data to online services
9
Building Neural Network Modules for Optical Character Recognition
Building Neural Network Modules for Optical Character Recognition
Introduction
Visualizing optical characters
Building an optical character recognizer using neural networks
Applications of an OCR system
10
Arithmetic Operations, Loops, and Blinky Lights
Arithmetic Operations, Loops, and Blinky Lights
Hardware required for this chapter
Arithmetic operations
Bitwise operators in Python
Logical operators
Data types and variables in Python
Reading inputs from the user
Loops in Python
Raspberry Pi's GPIO
Summary
11
Conditional Statements, Functions, and Lists
Conditional Statements, Functions, and Lists
Conditional statements
Functions in Python
Some mini-project challenges for the reader
Summary
12
Communication Interfaces
Communication Interfaces
UART – serial port
The SPI interface
Summary
13
Data Types and Object-Oriented Programming in Python
Data Types and Object-Oriented Programming in Python
Lists
Dictionaries
Tuples
Sets
OOP in Python
Speaker controller
Summary
14
File I/O and Python Utilities
File I/O and Python Utilities
File I/O
Python utilities
Summary
15
Requests and Web Frameworks
Requests and Web Frameworks
The try/except keywords
Connecting to the Internet – web requests
Flask web framework
Summary
16
Awesome Things You Could Develop Using Python
Awesome Things You Could Develop Using Python
Image processing using a Raspberry Pi Zero
Speech recognition
Automating routing tasks
Improving daily commute
Improving your vocabulary
Logging
Threading in Python
PEP8 style guide for Python
Summary
17
Robotics 101
Robotics 101
The hardware arsenal
Setting up Raspberry Pi
Let's program
Playing with voltage
Summary
18
Using GPIOs as Input
Using GPIOs as Input
A deeper dive into GPIOs
Interfacing through I2C
Summary 
19
Making a Gardener Robot
Making a Gardener Robot
Working with solenoids
Making the robot
Summary
20
Basics of Motors
Basics of Motors
The basics
Getting it rolling
Changing the speed 
Summary
21
Bluetooth-Controlled Robotic Car
Bluetooth-Controlled Robotic Car
Basics of the vehicle
Getting the vehicle ready
Controlling the vehicle by Bluetooth
Summary
22
Sensor Interface for Obstacle Avoidance
Sensor Interface for Obstacle Avoidance
Infrared proximity sensor
Autonomous emergency braking
Giving the car self-steering capabilities
Making it fully autonomous
Summary
23
Making Your Own Area Scanner
Making Your Own Area Scanner
Servo motor
Lists
Looking around 
LIDAR on an autonomous vehicle 
Summary
24
Basic Switching
Basic Switching
Making Jarvis wake you up 
Summary
25
Recognizing Humans with Jarvis
Recognizing Humans with Jarvis
Turn on the light Jarvis
Understanding motion
Perfecting motion
Summary
26
Making Jarvis IoT Enabled
Making Jarvis IoT Enabled
Basics of IoT
The MQTT protocol
Setting up the MQTT broker
Making an IoT-based intrusion detector
Controlling the home
Summary
27
Giving Voice to Jarvis
Giving Voice to Jarvis
Basic installation
Automatic delivery answering machine 
Making an interactive door – answering robot
Making Jarvis understand our voice
Summary
28
Gesture Recognition
Gesture Recognition
Electric field sensing
Using the Flick HAT
Gesture recognition-based automation
Summary
29
Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Making a dataset
Predicting using a dataset
Making your home learn
Home learning and automation
Summary
30
Making a Robotic Arm
Making a Robotic Arm
Basics of a robotic arm
Degrees of freedom
Power house
Finding the limits
Making the robot safe
Programming multiple frames
Speed control
Summary
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Index
Index

Changing the speed 

Now that we have understood how to change the direction of the motor using the motor driver, it's time to take it a step further and control the speed of the motor using the motor driver. To do this, we don't really have to do much. The motor drivers are built to understand the PWM signals. Once the PWM signal to the motor driver is provided, then the motor driver in turn adjusts the output voltage for the motor and hence changes the speed of the motor driver. The PWM has to be provided on the same input ports IN 1 and IN 2 for motor A, and IN 3 and IN 4 for motor B. It is obvious that the pin on which the PWM is provided will decide the direction in which the motor will move, and the duty cycle of the PWM will decide the speed at which the motor will be spinning. 

Now we have understood how speed control in motor driver works. It's time to do it by ourselves. To do so, we do not need to make any changes to the connections; all we need to do is to upload the following...

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