Book Image

IoT and Edge Computing for Architects - Second Edition

By : Perry Lea
Book Image

IoT and Edge Computing for Architects - Second Edition

By: Perry Lea

Overview of this book

Industries are embracing IoT technologies to improve operational expenses, product life, and people's well-being. An architectural guide is needed if you want to traverse the spectrum of technologies needed to build a successful IoT system, whether that's a single device or millions of IoT devices. IoT and Edge Computing for Architects, Second Edition encompasses the entire spectrum of IoT solutions, from IoT sensors to the cloud. It examines modern sensor systems, focusing on their power and functionality. It also looks at communication theory, paying close attention to near-range PAN, including the new Bluetooth® 5.0 specification and mesh networks. Then, the book explores IP-based communication in LAN and WAN, including 802.11ah, 5G LTE cellular, Sigfox, and LoRaWAN. It also explains edge computing, routing and gateways, and their role in fog computing, as well as the messaging protocols of MQTT 5.0 and CoAP. With the data now in internet form, you'll get an understanding of cloud and fog architectures, including the OpenFog standards. The book wraps up the analytics portion with the application of statistical analysis, complex event processing, and deep learning models. The book then concludes by providing a holistic view of IoT security, cryptography, and shell security in addition to software-defined perimeters and blockchains.
Table of Contents (17 chapters)
15
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16
Index

History of the IoT

The term "IoT" can most likely be attributed to Kevin Ashton in 1997 and his work at Procter and Gamble using RFID tags to manage supply chains. The work brought him to MIT in 1999 where he and a group of like-minded individuals started the Auto-ID Center research consortium (for more information, visit http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/kevin-ashton-describes-the-internet-of-things-180953749/).

Since then, IoT has taken off from simple RFID tags to an ecosystem and industry that will have 1 trillion Internet-connected devices by 2030. The concept of things being connected to the Internet up through 2012 was primarily connected smartphones, tablets, PCs, and laptops. Essentially, things that first functioned in all respects as a computer. Since the humble beginnings of the Internet, starting with ARPANET in 1969, most of the technologies surrounding the IoT didn't exist. Up to the year 2000, most devices that were associated with the Internet were, as stated, computers of various sizes. The following timeline shows the slow progress in connecting things to the Internet:

Year Device Reference

1973

Mario W. Cardullo receives the patent for first RFID tag.

US Patent US 3713148 A

1982

Carnegie Mellon Internet-connected soda machine.

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~coke/history_long.txt

1989

Internet-connected toaster at Interop '89.

IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine (Volume: 6, Issue: 1, Jan. 2017)

1991

HP introduces HP LaserJet IIISi: the first Ethernet-connected network printer.

http://hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=350

1993

Internet-connected coffee pot at University of Cambridge (the first Internet-connected camera).

https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/coffee/qsf/coffee.html

1996

General Motors OnStar (2001 remote diagnostics).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OnStar

1998

Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) formed.

https://www.bluetooth.com/about-us/our-history

1999

LG Internet Digital DIOS refrigerator.

https://www.telecompaper.com/news/lg-unveils-internetready-refrigerator--221266

2000

First instances of the Cooltown concept of pervasive computing everywhere: HP Labs, a system of computing and communication technologies that, combined, create a web-connected experience for people, places, and objects.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2AkkuIVV-I

2001

First Bluetooth product launched: KDDI Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone.

http://edition.cnn.com/2001/BUSINESS/asia/04/17/tokyo.kddibluetooth/index.html

2005

United Nation's International Telecommunications Union report predicting the rise of IoT for the first time.

http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/internetofthings/internetofThings_summary.pdf

2008

IPSO Alliance formed to promote IP on objects, first IoT-focused alliance.

https://www.ipso-alliance.org

2010

The concept of Smart Lighting formed after success in developing solid-state LED light bulbs.

https://www.bu.edu/smartlighting/files/2010/01/BobK.pdf

2014

Apple creates iBeacon protocol for beacons.

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202880

Certainly, the term IoT has generated a lot of interest and hype. One can easily see that from a buzzword standpoint. The number of patents issued (https://www.uspto.gov) has grown exponentially since 2010. The number of Google searches (https://trends.google.com/trends/) and IEEE peer-reviewed paper publications hit the knee of the curve in 2013:

Figure 1: Analysis of keyword searches for IoT, patents, and technical publications