With the large number of Internet-facing websites and the increase in the number of organizations doing business online, web applications and web servers make an attractive option for attackers. Web applications are everywhere across public and private networks, so attackers don't need to worry about lack of targets. It requires only a web browser to interact with a web application. Some of the flaws in web applications, such as logic flaws, can be exploited even by a layman. For example, if you have an e-commerce website that allows the user to add items into the e-cart after the checkout process due to bad implementation of logic and a malicious user finds this out through trial and error, then they would be able to exploit this easily without the need of any special tools.
Comparing it to the skills required to attack OS-based vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, defeating ASLR, and other mitigation techniques, hacking web applications is easy to start with. Over the years, web applications have been storing critical data such as personal information and financial records. The goal of more sophisticated attacks, known as APT, is to gain access to such critical data that is now available on an Internet-facing website.
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Advance persistent threats or APTs are stealth attacks where your adversary remains hidden in your network for a long period with the intention of stealing as much data as possible. The attacker exploits vulnerabilities in your network and deploys malware that communicates with an external command and control system sending across data.
Vulnerabilities in web applications also provide a means for spreading malware and viruses, and it could spread across the globe in matter of minutes. Cyber criminals make considerable financial gains by exploiting web applications and installing malware, the most recent one known as the Zeus malware.
Firewalls at the edge are more permissive for inbound HTTP traffic towards the web server, so the attacker does not require any special ports to be open. The HTTP protocol, which was designed many years ago, does not provide any inbuilt security features; it's a clear text protocol and would require an additional layering using the HTTPS protocol in order to secure communication. It also does not provide individual session identification and leaves it to the developer to design it. Many developers are hired directly from college, and they have only theoretical knowledge of programming languages and no prior experience with the security aspects of web application programming. Even when the vulnerability is reported to the developers, they take a long time to fix it as they are busier with the feature creation and enhancement part of the web application.
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Secure coding starts with the architecture and designing part of the web applications, so it needs to be integrated early into the development phase. Integrating it later proves to be difficult and requires a lot of rework. Identifying risk and threats early in the development phase using threat modeling would really help in minimizing vulnerabilities in production ready code of the web application.
Investing resources in writing secure code is an effective method for minimizing web application vulnerabilities, but writing secure code is easier to say but difficult to implement.
Some of the most compelling reasons to guard against attacks on web application are as follows:
Protecting customer data
Compliance with law and regulation
Loss of reputation
Revenue loss
Protection against business disruption.
If the web application interacts and stores credit card information, then it needs to in compliance with the rules and regulations laid out by Payment Card Industry (PCI). PCI has specific guidelines, such as reviewing all code for vulnerabilities in the web application or installing a web application firewall in order to mitigate the risk.
When the web application is not tested for vulnerabilities and an attacker gains access to customer data, it can severely affect the brand value of the company if a customer files a case against the company for not doing enough to protect their data. It may also lead to revenue losses, since many customers will move to your competitors who would assure better security.
Attacks on web applications may also result in severe disruption of service if it's a DoS attack or if the server is taken offline to clean up the exposed data or for forensics investigation. This might reflect in the financial losses.
These reasons should be enough to convince the senior management of your organization to invest resources in terms of money, manpower, and skills to improve the security of your web applications.