The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) hard-disk encryption (BitLocker) used since Windows Vista was AES Cipher Block Chaining (AES-CBC). Vista and Windows 7 provided also AES-CBC with Elephant Diffuser. To support BitLocker hardware encryption with so-called encrypted drives (eDrives), the support for Elephant Diffuser was dropped with Windows 8.0. AES with Diffuser can still be accessed, but new encryption can only be done in AES-CBC 128 or 256 bit.
With the introduction of Windows 10 1511, a new AES standard called AES-XEX based on tweaked-codebook mode with ciphertext stealing (XTS-AES) was implemented. XTS-AES provides additional protection from a class of attacks on encryption that rely on manipulating ciphertext to cause predictable changes in plain text by adding additional permutations. XTS-AES will not be back-ported to older OSes.
By default, Windows...