Book Image

Kali Linux Web Penetration Testing Cookbook - Second Edition

By : Gilberto Najera-Gutierrez

Book Image

Kali Linux Web Penetration Testing Cookbook - Second Edition

By: Gilberto Najera-Gutierrez

Overview of this book

Web applications are a huge point of attack for malicious hackers and a critical area for security professionals and penetration testers to lock down and secure. Kali Linux is a Linux-based penetration testing platform that provides a broad array of testing tools, many of which can be used to execute web penetration testing. Kali Linux Web Penetration Testing Cookbook gives you the skills you need to cover every stage of a penetration test – from gathering information about the system and application, to identifying vulnerabilities through manual testing. You will also cover the use of vulnerability scanners and look at basic and advanced exploitation techniques that may lead to a full system compromise. You will start by setting up a testing laboratory, exploring the latest features of tools included in Kali Linux and performing a wide range of tasks with OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite and other web proxies and security testing tools. As you make your way through the book, you will learn how to use automated scanners to find security ?aws in web applications and understand how to bypass basic security controls. In the concluding chapters, you will look at what you have learned in the context of the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and the top 10 web application vulnerabilities you are most likely to encounter, equipping you with the ability to combat them effectively. By the end of this book, you will have acquired the skills you need to identify, exploit, and prevent web application vulnerabilities.

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

Free Chapter

Setting Up Kali Linux and the Testing Lab

Setting Up Kali Linux and the Testing Lab

Installing VirtualBox on Windows and Linux

Creating a Kali Linux virtual machine

Updating and upgrading Kali Linux

Configuring the web browser for penetration testing

Creating a client virtual machine

Configuring virtual machines for correct communication

Getting to know web applications on a vulnerable virtual machine

Reconnaissance

Passive reconnaissance

Using Recon-ng to gather information

Scanning and identifying services with Nmap

Identifying web application firewalls

Identifying HTTPS encryption parameters

Using the browser's developer tools to analyze and alter basic behavior

Obtaining and modifying cookies

Taking advantage of robots.txt

Using Proxies, Crawlers, and Spiders

Using Proxies, Crawlers, and Spiders

Finding files and folders with DirBuster

Finding files and folders with ZAP

Using Burp Suite to view and alter requests

Using Burp Suite's Intruder to find files and folders

Using the ZAP proxy to view and alter requests

Using ZAP spider

Using Burp Suite to spider a website

Repeating requests with Burp Suite's repeater

Using WebScarab

Identifying relevant files and directories from crawling results

Testing Authentication and Session Management

Testing Authentication and Session Management

Username enumeration

Dictionary attack on login pages with Burp Suite

Brute forcing basic authentication with Hydra

Attacking Tomcat's passwords with Metasploit

Manually identifying vulnerabilities in cookies

Attacking a session fixation vulnerability

Evaluating the quality of session identifiers with Burp Sequencer

Abusing insecure direct object references

Performing a Cross-Site Request Forgery attack

Cross-Site Scripting and Client-Side Attacks

Cross-Site Scripting and Client-Side Attacks

Bypassing client-side controls using the browser

Identifying Cross-Site Scripting vulnerabilities

Obtaining session cookies through XSS

Exploiting DOM XSS

Man-in-the-Browser attack with XSS and BeEF

Extracting information from web storage

Testing WebSockets with ZAP

Using XSS and Metasploit to get a remote shell

Exploiting Injection Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Injection Vulnerabilities

Looking for file inclusions

Abusing file inclusions and uploads

Manually identifying SQL injection

Step-by-step error-based SQL injections

Identifying and exploiting blind SQL injections

Finding and exploiting SQL injections with SQLMap

Exploiting an XML External Entity injection

Detecting and exploiting command injection vulnerabilities

Exploiting Platform Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Platform Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Heartbleed vulnerability using Exploit-DB

Executing commands by exploiting Shellshock

Creating and capturing a reverse shell with Metasploit

Privilege escalation on Linux

Privilege escalation on Windows

Using Tomcat Manager to execute code

Cracking password hashes with John the Ripper by using a dictionary

Cracking password hashes via Brute Force using Hashcat

Using Automated Scanners

Using Automated Scanners

Scanning with Nikto

Considerations when doing automated scanning

Finding vulnerabilities with Wapiti

Using OWASP ZAP to scan for vulnerabilities

Scanning with Skipfish

Finding vulnerabilities in WordPress with WPScan

Finding vulnerabilities in Joomla with JoomScan

Scanning Drupal with CMSmap

Bypassing Basic Security Controls

Bypassing Basic Security Controls

Basic input validation bypass in Cross-Site Scripting attacks

Exploiting Cross-Site Scripting using obfuscated code

Bypassing file upload restrictions

Avoiding CORS restrictions in web services

Using Cross-Site Scripting to bypass CSRF protection and CORS restrictions

Exploiting HTTP parameter pollution

Exploiting vulnerabilities through HTTP headers

Mitigation of OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities

Mitigation of OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities

A1 – Preventing injection attacks

A2 – Building proper authentication and session management

A3 – Protecting sensitive data

A4 – Using XML external entities securely

A5 – Securing access control

A6 – Basic security configuration guide

A7 – Preventing Cross-Site Scripting

A8 – Implementing object serialization and deserialization

A9 – Where to look for known vulnerabilities on third-party components

A10 – Logging and monitoring for web applications' security

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Introduction

A penetration test may be performed using different approaches called black, grey, and white box. Black box is when the testing team doesn't have any previous information about the application to test except the URL of the server; white box is when the team has all information about the target, its infrastructure, software versions, test users, development information, and so on; and gray box is a point in between.

For both black and gray box approaches, a reconnaissance phase, as we saw in the previous chapter, is necessary for the testing team to discover the information that could be provided by the application's owner in a white box approach.

Continuing with the reconnaissance phase in a web penetration test, we will need to browse every link included in a web page and have a record of every file displayed by it. There are tools that help us to automate...