One of the most important aspects of managing Exchange 2010 is the day-to-day monitoring and maintenance of the servers in your organization. In order to ensure that all systems are operating reliably, it is critical that you proactively monitor the health of each server in your environment. While this task is probably better suited for a robust enterprise monitoring solution such as Microsoft System Center Operations Manager, it is possible to write PowerShell scripts to monitor your systems and troubleshoot issues that may arise. In this chapter, we'll take a look at several ways to monitor the health of server resources such as memory, CPU, and disk utilization, verify service availability, track errors written to the event logs, and more. We'll also explore various methods that can be used to troubleshoot issues when things have gone wrong.