In addition to writing malicious files that can be uploaded into a program, you may have to generate code that interacts with services over a standalone program that accepts arguments, a TCP service, or even a UDP service. Consider the previous program we just exploited, if it was different in nature we could exploit it still, and just the way the scripts interacted with it would be different. The following three examples show what the code would look if it met any of those criteria. Of course, the memory addresses and sizes would have to be adjusted for other programs you may come across.
We can even create Python script to wrap around programs that have arguments passed to them. That way you can build exploits using wrapper scripts, which inject code, as shown following:
import subprocess, strut
program_name = 'C:\exploit_writing\vulnerable.exe'
fill ="A"*4112
eip = struct.pack('<I',0x7C874413)
offset...