System and application development consists of design, development, test, and deployment processes. Security has to be addressed at every step in the development cycle. However, addressing security in the design stage itself is most critical. Since prevention is better than cure, addressing security at the design stage itself can facilitate preventative controls to address security issues.
The elements of a computer that are fundamental to its operations, together with the way the elements are organized, are referred to as the computer architecture.
A computer is a physical device consisting of physical components. These physical components are called hardware. The hardware components process the instructions and data presented to them. The set of instructions and data is called software.
Some of the fundamental elements in the computer architecture are the input/output systems, the CPU, and memory. A common plane connects the previous three...