The network is the first thing we think about when we imagine computers getting hacked. It's the pen tester's playground. It's both the first step and the final frontier of compromising a computer. It's also what makes the compromise of a single computer effectively the compromise of an entire building full of computers. It's fitting, then, that we begin our journey with a discussion about compromising the network and using its own power and weaknesses to inform the pen test.
The first step is getting on the network in the first place, and there are human, architectural, and protocol factors that make the mere presence of an attacker on the network potentially devastating. For this reason, defenders often deploy network access control(NAC) systems. The intent of these systems is to detect and/or prevent an intrusion on the network by identifying and authenticating devices on the network. In this chapter, we will review some of the methods employed by NACs and demonstrate practical methods of bypassing these controls.
The following topics will be covered in this chapter:
- Bypassing NACs with physical access to clone an authorized device
- Captive portal methods and their weaknesses
- Policy checks for new devices
- Masquerading the stack of an authorized device