In this section, we will take a look at the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), private key encryption, key and block size, how to influence AES, and Python and confusion and diffusion.

AES is the encryption standard approved by the United States National Institute of Standards and is considered very secure. It's approved even for the storage of secret military information. It is private key cryptography, which is the kind of cryptography that has been used for thousands of years in which both the sender and the receiver use the same key. It's a block cipher, so the input data has to be put in blocks that are 128-bits long, and a block of plaintext is encrypted with a key, producing a block of ciphertext:

There are three key sizes: 128, 192, and 256-bits. The most common type of AES is the 128-bit key size, and that's what we'll use in this example. In Python, it's quite easy to use.

Firstly, you need to import the AES module from crypto cipher, then you need a 16...