Ensuring your GeoServer instances operate at optimal performance is an important task. There are a number of different strategies used to optimize GeoServer and many different ways of doing it. There is a lot of information available online to optimize GeoServer, both in the documentation and through the community.
The GeoServer documentation contains some very useful information about running GeoServer in a production environment. There is also a white paper available online from Boundless that contains a wealth of information and advice. Rather than replicating all of this information, we will consider the key aspects; after all, the documents can be studied later for the finer details.
Note
The Boundless white paper, GeoServer in Production, is available online at http://boundlessgeo.com/whitepaper/geoserver-production-2/ and is a very good document to learn about how to optimize GeoServer in production.