Similar to the tree data structure, we can also visit all the nodes of a graph. There are two algorithms that can be used to traverse a graph called breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS). Traversing a graph can be used to find a specific vertex or to find a path between two vertices, check whether the graph is connected, check whether it contains cycles, and so on.

Before we implement the algorithms, let's try to better understand the idea of traversing a graph.

The idea of graph traversal algorithms is that we must track each vertex when we first visit it and keep track of which vertices have not yet been completely explored. For both traversal graph algorithms, we need to specify which is going to be the first vertex to be visited.

To completely explore a vertex, we need to look at each edge of this vertex. For each edge connected to a vertex that has not been visited yet, we mark it as discovered and add it to the list of vertices to be visited.

In order...