Book Image

Scala Functional Programming Patterns

By : S. Khot
Book Image

Scala Functional Programming Patterns

By: S. Khot

Overview of this book

Scala is used to construct elegant class hierarchies for maximum code reuse and extensibility and to implement their behavior using higher-order functions. Its functional programming (FP) features are a boon to help you design “easy to reason about” systems to control the growing software complexities. Knowing how and where to apply the many Scala techniques is challenging. Looking at Scala best practices in the context of what you already know helps you grasp these concepts quickly, and helps you see where and why to use them. This book begins with the rationale behind patterns to help you understand where and why each pattern is applied. You will discover what tail recursion brings to your table and will get an understanding of how to create solutions without mutations. We then explain the concept of memorization and infinite sequences for on-demand computation. Further, the book takes you through Scala’s stackable traits and dependency injection, a popular technique to produce loosely-coupled software systems. You will also explore how to currying favors to your code and how to simplify it by de-construction via pattern matching. We also show you how to do pipeline transformations using higher order functions such as the pipes and filters pattern. Then we guide you through the increasing importance of concurrent programming and the pitfalls of traditional code concurrency. Lastly, the book takes a paradigm shift to show you the different techniques that functional programming brings to your plate. This book is an invaluable source to help you understand and perform functional programming and solve common programming problems using Scala’s programming patterns.
Table of Contents (13 chapters)
12
Index

Recursive structures


The find command on Linux (and the dir /s command on Windows) recursively descends into a directory; if there are a few subdirectories within command, then it descends into each subdirectory, one by one. If the subdirectories, in turn, have subdirectories, command goes into each one and repeats the process all over again till all the directories are traversed. Let's have a look at the following directory:

Figure 3.1: A directory tree is a recursive structure

Given this directory, try the following command:

 % find ./tmp -type f -exec wc -c {} \;

The find command starts at the tmp directory and applies the wc command to each regular file (so for this example, skip directories).

The command enters in tmp and finds a and c. As these are directories, the flow enters a first, and finds b and one.txt. As directory b is empty, it looks at one.txt for which the predicate type f is true. So, the characters are counted for one.txt, and then the flow comes back to a and recurs into...