Index

A

• Ant class
  • about / Introducing the Ant class, Defining an S4 class, Inheritance
• Ant object
  • creating / Defining an S4 class
  • new command / Defining an S4 class
  • Ant generator / Defining an S4 class
• append function / Defining objects and inheritance
• apply command / apply
• apply commands
  • about / Operations on data structures, The apply commands
  • apply command / apply
  • lapply command / lapply and sapply
  • sapply command / lapply and sapply
  • tapply command / tapply
  • mapply command / mapply
• arguments
  • passing, to functions / Arguments to functions
• arithmetic operations
  • redefining / Redefining arithmetic operations
• array command / Matrices and arrays
• arrays, data structure / Matrices and arrays
• as.character command / Character, Notes on the as and is functions
• as.difftime command / Operations on time data types
• as.double command / Double
• as.factor command / Factors
• as.integer command / Integer
• as.list command / Lists
• as.POSIXct command / Converting strings to time data types
• ascii option / The workspace
• as function / Notes on the as and is functions
• assign command / Scope
• assignment, variables
  • about / Assignment
• assignment class
  • about / The assignment classes
  • name / The assignment classes
  • number / The assignment classes
• assignment classes
  • about / The assignment classes
  • NumericGrade class / The assignment classes, The NumericGrade class
  • LetterGrade class / The assignment classes, The LetterGrade class
  • grades, reading from file / Example – reading grades from a file
• attach command / Scope
• attributes command / Lists

B

• base R environment
  • about / Overview
• basic data structures
  • about / Basic data structures
  • vectors / Vectors
  • lists / Lists
  • data frames / Data frames
  • tables / Tables
  • matrices / Matrices and arrays
  • arrays / Matrices and arrays
  • data, censoring / Censoring data
  • rows, appending / Appending rows and columns
  • columns, appending / Appending rows and columns
• basic string operations
  • about / Basic string operations
• break command / The repeat loop
• break statement / Break and next statements

C

• # character / Conditional execution
• callGeneric command / Redefining arithmetic operations
• callNextMethod command / Inheritance
• cat command / The cat command
• cbind command / Appending rows and columns
• c command / Vectors
• character, discrete data type / Character
• character command / Character
• class command / Integer, Defining classes and methods, Defining objects and inheritance, Defining an S4 class
• classes
  • defining / Defining classes and methods
• colnames command / Tables
• colSums command / apply
• columns
  • appending / Appending rows and columns
• command line
  • data, entering from / Entering data from the command line, Reading tables from files
• commands
  • determining, variable type / Notes on the as and is functions
  • used, for casting variable into particular type / Notes on the as and is functions
• complex, continuous data type / Complex
• complex command / Complex, Special data types
• conditional execution
  • about / Conditional execution
• continuous data types
  • about / Continuous data types
  • double / Double
  • complex / Complex
• ContinuousSimulation class / The simulation classes
• Course class
  • about / The Course class
  • defining / The definition of the Course class
  • Grades, reading from file / Reading grades from a file
• CSV files / CSV files
• cumulative distribution functions
  • about / Cumulative distribution functions
• cut command / Tables

D

• %d character / Creating formatted strings
• data
  • censoring / Censoring data
  • entering / Entering data
  • saving / Printing results and saving data
• data, entering
  • from command line / Entering data from the command line
  • tables, reading from files / Reading tables from files
  • CSV files / CSV files
  • fixed width file / Fixed-width files
• data.entry command / Entering data from the command line
• data frames, data structure / Data frames
• date formation / Introduction and assumptions
• detach command / Scope
• difftime command / Operations on time data types
• dim command / Matrices and arrays
• dim option / Matrices and arrays
• dir command / File and directory information
• directory information
  • about / File and directory information
• discrete data types
  • about / Discrete data types
  • integer / Integer
  • logical / Logical
  • character / Character
  • factors / Factors
• DiscreteSimulation class / The simulation classes
• distribution functions
  • about / Distribution functions
• double, continuous data type / Double
• double command / Double
• dpois command / Cumulative distribution functions

E

• else statement / Conditional execution
• encapsulation
  • about / Encapsulation
• examples
  • used, for demonstrating Simulation class usage / Examples
  • used, for demonstrating MonteCarlo class usage / Examples
• existing functions
  • redefining / Redefining existing functions
• existing methods
  • extending / Extending the existing methods

F

• factor command / Factors
• factors, discrete data type / Factors
• FALSE value / Logical
• file
  • Grades, reading from / Reading grades from a file
  • grades, reading from / Example – reading grades from a file
• file command / Primitive input/output
• file information
  • about / File and directory information
• fixed width file / Fixed-width files
• for loop
  • versus while loop / The while loop
• for loops / The for loop
• format command / The print, format, and paste commands
• formatted strings
  • creating / Creating formatted strings
• functions
  • about / Functions
  • defining / Defining a function
  • arguments, passing to / Arguments to functions
  • scope / Scope

G

• GeometricTrial class
  • reset method / Defining objects and inheritance
  • getHistory method / Defining objects and inheritance
  • simulation method / Defining objects and inheritance
  • singleTrial method / Defining objects and inheritance
• getClass command
  • about / Miscellaneous notes
• get command / Scope
• getFinalValues method / The simulation classes
• getHistory method / Defining objects and inheritance
• GetLength function / Defining new methods
• getMethod(*show*) command / Extending the existing methods
• getSlots command
  • about / Miscellaneous notes
• getwd command / File and directory information
• grade file
  • reading / Overview
• Grades
  • reading, from file / Reading grades from a file
• grades
  • reading, from file / Example – reading grades from a file
• gregexpr command / Regular expressions
• grep command / The LetterGrade class

H

• (help(factor)) command / Factors
• help(Control) command / Loop constructs
• help(DateTimeClasses) command / Introduction and assumptions
• help(Distributions) command / Overview
• help(dpois) command / Distribution functions
• help(regular expression) command / Regular expressions
• help(RNG) command / Generating pseudorandom numbers
• help.search command / The workspace
• help command / The workspace, Primitive input/output

I

• if statement / Conditional execution
• indexing operations
  • defining / Defining indexing operations
• inheritance
  • defining / Defining objects and inheritance
  • about / Inheritance
• initialize command / Extending the existing methods
• initialize function / Extending the existing methods
• integer, discrete data type / Integer
• integer command / Integer
• inverse cumulative distribution functions
  • about / Inverse cumulative distribution functions
• is.character command / Character
• is.factor command / Factors
• is.integer command / Integer
• is.list command / Lists
• is.na command / Special data types
• is function / Notes on the as and is functions

K

• Kernighan and Ritchie (K&R) / Conditional execution

L

• lambda parameter / Distribution functions
• lapply command / lapply and sapply
• length of string
  • determining / Determining the length of a string
• LetterGrade class / The assignment classes, The LetterGrade class
• list.dirs command / File and directory information
• list.files command / File and directory information
• list command / Lists
• lists, data structure / Lists
• load command / Saving a workspace
• loadhistory command / The workspace
• logical, discrete data type / Logical
• logical command / Logical
• logical operators
  • < / Logical
  • > / Logical
  • <= / Logical
  • && / Logical
  • >= / Logical
  • ! / Logical
  • == / Logical
  • != / Logical
  • || / Logical
  • | / Logical
  • & / Logical
  • xor(a,b) / Logical
• loop constructs
  • about / Loop constructs
  • for loops / The for loop
  • while loops / The while loop
  • repeat loops / The repeat loop
  • break statement / Break and next statements
  • next statement / Break and next statements
• ls command / Saving a workspace, Scope

M

• mapply command / mapply
• margin.table(A,1) command / Operations on data structures
• margin.table(A,2) command / Operations on data structures
• margin command
  • about / Operations on data structures
• match.arg function / Arguments to functions
• matrices, data structure / Matrices and arrays
• matrix command / Matrices and arrays
• methods
  • defining / Defining classes and methods
  • defining, for S4 class / Defining methods for an S4 class
• methods, S4 class
  • new methods, defining / Defining new methods
  • polymorphism / Polymorphism
  • existing methods, extending / Extending the existing methods
• miscellaneous notes, S4 Classes
  • about / Miscellaneous notes
• missing command / Arguments to functions
• mode command / The workspace
• Monte-Carlo class
  • about / The Monte-Carlo class

N

• $ notation / Vectors
• names command / Lists
• nchar command / Determining the length of a string
• network options
  • about / Network options
  • socket, opening / Opening a socket
  • socket operations / Basic socket operations
• new.env command / Scope
• new methods
  • defining / Defining new methods
• NextMethod function / Defining objects and inheritance
• next statement / Break and next statements
• NumericGrade class / The assignment classes, The NumericGrade class

O

• && operation / Logical
• & operation / Logical
• <- operator
  • about / Assignment
  / Scope
• <<- operator / Scope
• = operator
  • about / Assignment
• ? operator / The workspace
• objects
  • defining / Defining objects and inheritance
• operations, on data structures
  • about / Operations on data structures
  • apply commands / The apply commands
• operators
  • < / Conditional execution
  • > / Conditional execution
  • <= / Conditional execution
  • >= / Conditional execution
  • == / Conditional execution
  • != / Conditional execution
• options, help(trptime) command
  • %a / Converting strings to time data types
  • %p / Converting strings to time data types
  • %A / Converting strings to time data types
  • %S / Converting strings to time data types
  • %b / Converting strings to time data types
  • %U / Converting strings to time data types
  • %B / Converting strings to time data types
  • %w / Converting strings to time data types
  • %c / Converting strings to time data types
  • %x / Converting strings to time data types
  • %d / Converting strings to time data types
  • %X / Converting strings to time data types
  • %H / Converting strings to time data types
  • %y / Converting strings to time data types
  • %I / Converting strings to time data types
  • %Y / Converting strings to time data types
  • %j / Converting strings to time data types
  • %z / Converting strings to time data types
  • %m / Converting strings to time data types
  • %Z / Converting strings to time data types
  • %M / Converting strings to time data types
• options, R environment
  • workspace, saving / Saving a workspace
  • cat command / The cat command
  • print command / The print, format, and paste commands
  • format command / The print, format, and paste commands
  • paste command / The print, format, and paste commands

P

• paste command / The print, format, and paste commands
• plot command
  • about / A final note
  / Redefining existing functions
• points command / Distribution functions
• polymorphism / Polymorphism
• ppois command / Cumulative distribution functions
• prefix
  • d / Overview
  • p / Overview
  • q / Overview
  • r / Overview
• primitive input/output
  • about / Primitive input/output
• print command / The print, format, and paste commands
• pseudorandom numbers
  • generating / Generating pseudorandom numbers

Q

• q() command / The workspace
• qchisq command / Inverse cumulative distribution functions
• qpois command / Inverse cumulative distribution functions

R

• Random Number Generation (RNG)
  • about / Overview
• rbind command / Appending rows and columns
• read.csv command / CSV files
• read.fwf command / Fixed-width files
• read.table command / Reading tables from files
• readBin command / Primitive input/output
• readChar command / Primitive input/output
• ReadGrades method / Reading grades from a file
• readLines command / Primitive input/output, Opening a socket
• regexp command / Location of a substring
• regular expressions
  • about / Regular expressions
• repeat loop
  • advantages / The repeat loop
  • disadvantages / The repeat loop
• repeat loops / The repeat loop
• report method / The NumericGrade class
• reset function / Defining classes and methods
• reset method / Defining objects and inheritance
• resetTrial function / Defining classes and methods
• results
  • printing / Printing results and saving data
• return command / Defining a function
• rm command / The workspace
• RNGkind command / Generating pseudorandom numbers
• rownames command / Tables
• rows
  • appending / Appending rows and columns
• rowSums command / apply
• rpois command / Generating pseudorandom numbers

S

• %s character / Creating formatted strings
• <<- symbol
  • advantages / Assignment
• S3 class definition
  • advantages / A final note
• S3 classes
  • about / A final note
• S3 object
  • about / Encapsulation
• S4 class
  • defining / Defining an S4 class
  • methods, defining for / Defining methods for an S4 class
• sample command / Sampling
• sampling
  • about / Sampling
• sapply command / lapply and sapply
• save.image command / The workspace, Saving a workspace
• save command / The workspace, Saving a workspace, Generating pseudorandom numbers
• savehistory command / The workspace
• scan command / Entering data from the command line
• scope / Scope
• scripts
  • executing / Executing scripts
• seq command / Vectors
• set.seed command / Generating pseudorandom numbers
• setClass command / Defining an S4 class
• setGeneric command / Defining new methods, Polymorphism
• setMethod command / Redefining existing functions
• setValidity command / Defining an S4 class
• setwd command / File and directory information
• show command / Extending the existing methods
• signature option
  • ANY / Polymorphism
  • missing / Polymorphism
• Simulation class / The simulation classes
• simulation classes
  • about / The simulation classes
  • Simulation class / The simulation classes
  • DiscreteSimulation class / The simulation classes
  • ContinuousSimulation class / The simulation classes
• simulation method / Defining objects and inheritance
• simulations method / The Monte-Carlo class
• singleSimulation method / The simulation classes
• singleTrial method / Defining objects and inheritance
• skip option / Fixed-width files
• slot command
  • about / Miscellaneous notes
• slotnames command
  • about / Miscellaneous notes
• slots argument / Defining an S4 class
• socketConnection command / Network options
• socket operations / Basic socket operations
• special data types
  • about / Special data types
  • as function / Notes on the as and is functions
  • is function / Notes on the as and is functions
• sprintf function / Creating formatted strings
• stop command / Arguments to functions
• storage.mode command / The workspace
• strftime command / Converting time data types to strings
• strings
  • splitting / Splitting strings
  • converting, to time data types / Converting strings to time data types
  • time data types, converting to / Converting time data types to strings
• strptime command / Converting strings to time data types
• strsplit command / Splitting strings
• sub command / Regular expressions
• substring
  • location / Location of a substring
  • extracting / Extracting or changing a substring
  • changing / Extracting or changing a substring
• substring command / Extracting or changing a substring
• S_PLUS language / Scope

T

• tables, data structure / Tables
• tapply command / tapply
• time data types
  • strings, converting to / Converting strings to time data types
  • converting, to strings / Converting time data types to strings
  • operations on / Operations on time data types
• time formation / Introduction and assumptions
• transform case
  • about / Transforming the case
• TRUE value / Logical
• typeof command / Integer

U

• UseMethod command / Defining classes and methods, Defining objects and inheritance

V

• vectors, data structure / Vectors

W

• warning command / Arguments to functions
• while loop
  • versus for loop / The while loop
• while loops
  • about / The while loop
• workspace
  • about / The workspace
  • saving / Saving a workspace
• writeBin command / Primitive input/output
• writeChar command / Primitive input/output
• writeLines command / Primitive input/output