2. Data Types and Structures | Elixir Cookbook

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Elixir Cookbook

By : Paulo Pereira

4.5 (2)

Elixir Cookbook

4.5 (2)

By: Paulo Pereira

Overview of this book

This book is intended for users with some knowledge of the Elixir language syntax and basic data types/structures. Although this is a cookbook and no sequential reading is required, the book’s structure will allow less advanced users who follow it to be gradually exposed to some of Elixir’s features and concepts specific to functional programming. To get the most out of this book, you need to be well versed with Erlang.

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

1. Command Line

1. Command Line

Introduction

Using the terminal to prototype and test ideas

Loading and compiling modules

Getting help and accessing documentation within IEx

Using Erlang from Elixir

Inspecting your system in IEx

Inspecting your system with Observer

Creating a simple application

Managing dependencies

Generating a supervised application

Generating umbrella applications

Managing application configuration

Creating custom Mix tasks

2. Data Types and Structures

2. Data Types and Structures

Understanding immutability

Adding and subtracting lists

Combining tuples into a list

Creating and manipulating keyword lists

Using pattern matching

Pattern matching an HTTPoison response

Creating a key/value store with a map

Mapping and reducing enumerables

Generating lazy (even infinite) sequences

Streaming a file as a resource

3. Strings and Binaries

3. Strings and Binaries

Introduction

Joining strings

Splitting strings

Replacing string codepoints with patterns

Slicing strings with ranges

Using regular expressions

Combining operations with the |> operator

Creating a word list

Determining the word frequency in a text

Reading and writing metadata from MP3 files

4. Modules and Functions

4. Modules and Functions

Introduction

Namespacing modules

Using module attributes as constants

Enforcing behaviors

Documenting modules

Using module directives

Using a module in the scripted mode

Defining functions with default arguments

Using guard clauses and pattern matching in function definitions

5. Processes and Nodes

5. Processes and Nodes

Introduction

Sending messages between processes

Making code run on all available CPUs

Using tasks to perform multiple concurrent computations

Creating a stateful server process (messages with counters)

Using agents as an abstraction around states

Using an ETS table to share the state

Creating named nodes

Connecting nodes

Executing code in a different node

6. OTP – Open Telecom Platform

6. OTP – Open Telecom Platform

Introduction

Implementing a GenServer

Expanding our server

Creating a supervisor

Using Observer to inspect supervisors and processes

Handling errors and managing exceptions

Packaging and releasing an OTP application

Deploying applications and updating a running system

7. Cowboy and Phoenix

7. Cowboy and Phoenix

Introduction

Setting up Cowboy

Serving static files

Implementing a websocket handler

Creating a Phoenix application

Defining routes

Creating a controller

Creating views and templates

Implementing topics

Protecting the Phoenix app with SSL

8. Interactions

8. Interactions

Introduction

Using Redis and Postgres

Using OS commands from within Elixir

Getting Twitter data

A. Installation and Further Reading

A. Installation and Further Reading

Installing Elixir

Installing PostgreSQL

Installing Redis

Some useful links

Index

Index

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Understanding immutability

In Elixir, data, once created, is immutable. Whenever some input is passed into a function to be transformed, the original value remains unchanged and a new value is created.

This allows for safe concurrent access to the same data by n processes. It makes concurrency easier to manage, as it is guaranteed that no process can change the original data. Any transformation on the original data will result in new data being created.

Getting ready

To get started, we need to follow these steps:

Create a file, which is transformator.ex, defining the Transformator module by adding the following code:

defmodule Transformator do
  @default_list [1,2,3,4,5,6]

  def get_odd_numbers(list \\ @default_list) do
    Enum.filter(list, fn(x)-> rem(x,2) == 1 end)
  end

  def get_even_numbers(list \\ @default_list) do
    Enum.filter(list, fn(x)-> rem(x,2) == 0 end)
  end
end

Note

We define @default_list and use it in both functions preceded by \\. This means that, if no argument is...

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