On the Web, all data gets transferred through a channel where it is possible for someone else to steal the information which you are sending or receiving from the server. This stolen data can be misused and can affect the website as well as the user badly. Let's take the example of accessing mail accounts. Whenever we try to access our mail accounts, the URL gets changed from http to https, which shows we are going to access something secure. Some extra measures have been taken in order to protect the data as it goes to and fro, from the security perspective.
The security consists of the following:
Authentication: This is the process by which the application checks whether the user is who they are claiming to be or not. If we want to check our e-mails, we cannot do it directly unless and until we prove that we are the right person. How do we do that? For that, we need to provide our mail ID and correct password. The application will check if this e-mail ID and...