Book Image

GNU/Linux Rapid Embedded Programming

By : Rodolfo Giometti
Book Image

GNU/Linux Rapid Embedded Programming

By: Rodolfo Giometti

Overview of this book

Embedded computers have become very complex in the last few years and developers need to easily manage them by focusing on how to solve a problem without wasting time in finding supported peripherals or learning how to manage them. The main challenge with experienced embedded programmers and engineers is really how long it takes to turn an idea into reality, and we show you exactly how to do it. This book shows how to interact with external environments through specific peripherals used in the industry. We will use the latest Linux kernel release 4.4.x and Debian/Ubuntu distributions (with embedded distributions like OpenWrt and Yocto). The book will present popular boards in the industry that are user-friendly to base the rest of the projects on - BeagleBone Black, SAMA5D3 Xplained, Wandboard and system-on-chip manufacturers. Readers will be able to take their first steps in programming the embedded platforms, using C, Bash, and Python/PHP languages in order to get access to the external peripherals. More about using and programming device driver and accessing the peripherals will be covered to lay a strong foundation. The readers will learn how to read/write data from/to the external environment by using both C programs or a scripting language (Bash/PHP/Python) and how to configure a device driver for a specific hardware. After finishing this book, the readers will be able to gain a good knowledge level and understanding of writing, configuring, and managing drivers, controlling and monitoring applications with the help of efficient/quick programming and will be able to apply these skills into real-world projects.

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Table of Contents (26 chapters)
GNU/Linux Rapid Embedded Programming
GNU/Linux Rapid Embedded Programming
Credits
Credits
About the Author
About the Author
About the Reviewer
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Customer Feedback
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Installing the Developing System
Installing the Developing System
Embedded world terms
Systems' overview
Installing a development system
Setting up the developing system
Summary
2
Managing the System Console
Managing the System Console
Basic OS management
A quick tour into the bootloader
Summary
3
C Compiler, Device Drivers, and Useful Developing Techniques
C Compiler, Device Drivers, and Useful Developing Techniques
The C compiler
The Kernel and DTS files
What is a device driver?
The root filesystem (rootfs)
The Network FileSystem (NFS)
Using an emulator
Summary
4
Quick Programming with Scripts and System Daemons
Quick Programming with Scripts and System Daemons
Setting up the system
System daemons
Scripting languages
Writing a custom daemon
Summary
5
Setting Up an Embedded OS
Setting Up an Embedded OS
MTD versus block devices
OpenWrt
Yocto
Summary
6
General Purposes Input Output signals – GPIO
General Purposes Input Output signals – GPIO
What is a GPIO line?
GPIOs in Linux
Getting access to GPIOs
Using GPIOs with scripting languages
Managing GPIO into the kernel
Summary
7
Serial Ports and TTY Devices - TTY
Serial Ports and TTY Devices - TTY
What are TTY, serial, and UART lines?
Implementations of serial ports
The serial ports in Linux
The communication parameters
Getting access to TTYs
Managing TTY in the kernel with SLIP
Summary
8
Universal Serial Bus - USB
Universal Serial Bus - USB
What is the universal serial bus?
The USB bus in Linux
The USB tools
The raw USB bus
Summary
9
Inter-Integrated Circuits - I2C
Inter-Integrated Circuits - I2C
What is the Inter-Integrated Circuit bus?
The I2C bus in Linux
The I2C tools
Getting access to I2C devices
The Raw I2C Bus
Summary
10
Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface - SPI
What is the Serial Peripheral Interface bus?
The SPI bus in Linux
The SPI tools
Getting access to SPI devices
The raw SPI bus
Summary
11
1-Wire - W1
1-Wire - W1
What is the 1-Wire Bus?
The 1-Wire bus in Linux
Getting access to 1-Wire devices
Summary
12
Ethernet Network Device - ETH
Ethernet Network Device - ETH
What is an Ethernet network device?
The Ethernet devices in Linux
The net tools
Communicating with a remote device
The raw Ethernet bus
Simple Ethernet bridging
Summary
13
Wireless Network Device - WLAN
Wireless Network Device - WLAN
What is a wireless network device?
WLAN devices in Linux
The wireless tools
The WPA supplicant
The Hostapd daemon
Summary
14
Controller Area Network - CAN
Controller Area Network - CAN
What is the CAN bus?
The CAN bus in Linux
The can-utils package
The raw CAN bus
Exchanging data via the CAN bus
Summary
15
Sound Devices - SND
Sound Devices - SND
What is a sound device?
Sound in Linux
The audio tools
The USB audio device class
Managing sound devices
Summary
16
Video devices - V4L
Video devices - V4L
What is a video device?
Video in Linux
The video tools
The USB video class device 
Managing video devices
Summary
17
Analog-to-Digital Converters - ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converters - ADC
What is an analog-to-digital converter device?
ADCs in Linux
Detecting a gas
Summary
18
Pulse-Width Modulation - PWM
Pulse-Width Modulation - PWM
What is a PWM device?
PWM devices in Linux
Managing a servo motor
Summary
19
Miscellaneous Devices
Miscellaneous Devices
Digital sensors
Analog sensors
GSM/GPRS modem
Smart card reader
RFID reader
Z-Wave
Summary

The raw CAN bus

In a Linux-based system, we can use the SocketCAN implementation to manage these devices and then exchange data between them. It uses the Berkeley socket API and the Linux network stack (and raw sockets) to implement CAN device drivers as network interfaces to allow programmers familiar with network programming to easily learn how to use CAN sockets.

Note

See the Documentation/networking/can.txt file in the kernel's repository for more information.

Here is a simplified example in C language regarding how to open a SocketCAN socket:

int s; 
char *ifname; 
struct sockaddr_can addr; 
struct can_frame frame; 
struct ifreq ifr; 
int ret; 
 
/* Open the PF_CAN socket */ 
s = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW); 
if (s < 0) { 
    perror("Error while opening socket"); 
    exit(-1); 
} 
 
/* Find the CAN device */ 
strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname); 
ret = ioctl(s, SIOCGIFINDEX, &ifr); 
if (ret &lt...
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