Book Image

Modern Python Cookbook

Book Image

Modern Python Cookbook

Overview of this book

Python is the preferred choice of developers, engineers, data scientists, and hobbyists everywhere. It is a great scripting language that can power your applications and provide great speed, safety, and scalability. By exposing Python as a series of simple recipes, you can gain insight into specific language features in a particular context. Having a tangible context helps make the language or standard library feature easier to understand. This book comes with over 100 recipes on the latest version of Python. The recipes will benefit everyone ranging from beginner to an expert. The book is broken down into 13 chapters that build from simple language concepts to more complex applications of the language. The recipes will touch upon all the necessary Python concepts related to data structures, OOP, functional programming, as well as statistical programming. You will get acquainted with the nuances of Python syntax and how to effectively use the advantages that it offers. You will end the book equipped with the knowledge of testing, web services, and configuration and application integration tips and tricks. The recipes take a problem-solution approach to resolve issues commonly faced by Python programmers across the globe. You will be armed with the knowledge of creating applications with flexible logging, powerful configuration, and command-line options, automated unit tests, and good documentation.

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Modern Python Cookbook
Nov, 2016 | 692 pages
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Table of Contents (18 chapters)
Title Page
Title Page
Credits
Credits
About the Author
About the Author
About the Reviewers
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
Preface
Free Chapter
1
Numbers, Strings, and Tuples
Numbers, Strings, and Tuples
Introduction
Creating meaningful names and using variables
Working with large and small integers
Choosing between float, decimal, and fraction
Choosing between true division and floor division
Rewriting an immutable string
String parsing with regular expressions
Building complex strings with "template".format()
Building complex strings from lists of characters
Using the Unicode characters that aren't on our keyboards
Encoding strings – creating ASCII and UTF-8 bytes
Decoding bytes – how to get proper characters from some bytes
Using tuples of items
2
Statements and Syntax
Statements and Syntax
Introduction
Writing Python script and module files – syntax basics
Writing long lines of code
Including descriptions and documentation
Writing better RST markup in docstrings
Designing complex if...elif chains
Designing a while statement which terminates properly
Avoiding a potential problem with break statements
Leveraging the exception matching rules
Avoiding a potential problem with an except: clause
Chaining exceptions with the raise from statement
Managing a context using the with statement
3
Function Definitions
Function Definitions
Introduction
Designing functions with optional parameters
Using super flexible keyword parameters
Forcing keyword-only arguments with the * separator
Writing explicit types on function parameters
Picking an order for parameters based on partial functions
Writing clear documentation strings with RST markup
Designing recursive functions around Python's stack limits
Writing reusable scripts with the script library switch
4
Built-in Data Structures – list, set, dict
Built-in Data Structures – list, set, dict
Introduction
Choosing a data structure
Building lists – literals, appending, and comprehensions
Slicing and dicing a list
Deleting from a list – deleting, removing, popping, and filtering
Reversing a copy of a list
Using set methods and operators
Removing items from a set – remove(), pop(), and difference
Creating dictionaries – inserting and updating
Removing from dictionaries – the pop() method and the del statement
Controlling the order of dict keys
Handling dictionaries and sets in doctest examples
Understanding variables, references, and assignment
Making shallow and deep copies of objects
Avoiding mutable default values for function parameters
5
User Inputs and Outputs
User Inputs and Outputs
Introduction
Using features of the print() function
Using input() and getpass() for user input
Debugging with "format".format_map(vars())
Using argparse to get command-line input
Using cmd for creating command-line applications
Using the OS environment settings
6
Basics of Classes and Objects
Basics of Classes and Objects
Introduction
Using a class to encapsulate data and processing
Designing classes with lots of processing
Designing classes with little unique processing
Optimizing small objects with __slots__
Using more sophisticated collections
Extending a collection – a list that does statistics
Using properties for lazy attributes
Using settable properties to update eager attributes
7
More Advanced Class Design
More Advanced Class Design
Introduction
Choosing between inheritance and extension – the is-a question
Separating concerns via multiple inheritance
Leveraging Python's duck typing
Managing global and singleton objects
Using more complex structures – maps of lists
Creating a class that has orderable objects
Defining an ordered collection
Deleting from a list of mappings
8
Input/Output, Physical Format, and Logical Layout
Input/Output, Physical Format, and Logical Layout
Introduction
Using pathlib to work with filenames
Reading and writing files with context managers
Replacing a file while preserving the previous version
Reading delimited files with the CSV module
Reading complex formats using regular expressions
Reading JSON documents
Reading XML documents
Reading HTML documents
Upgrading CSV from DictReader to namedtuple reader
Upgrading CSV from a DictReader to a namespace reader
Using multiple contexts for reading and writing files
9
Testing
Testing
Introduction
Using docstrings for testing
Testing functions that raise exceptions
Handling common doctest issues
Creating separate test modules and packages
Combining unittest and doctest tests
Testing things that involve dates or times
Testing things that involve randomness
Mocking external resources
10
Web Services
Web Services
Introduction
Implementing web services with WSGI
Using the Flask framework for RESTful APIs
Parsing the query string in a request
Making REST requests with urllib
Parsing the URL path
Parsing a JSON request
Implementing authentication for web services
11
Application Integration
Application Integration
Introduction
Finding configuration files
Using YAML for configuration files
Using Python for configuration files
Using class-as-namespace for configuration
Designing scripts for composition
Using logging for control and audit output
Combining two applications into one
Combining many applications using the Command design pattern
Managing arguments and configuration in composite applications
Wrapping and combining CLI applications
Wrapping a program and checking the output
Controlling complex sequences of steps
Index
Index

Chapter 11. Application Integration

In this chapter, we'll look at the following recipes:

 

  • Finding configuration files
  • Using YAML for configuration files
  • Using Python for configuration files
  • Using class-as-namespace for configuration values
  • Designing scripts for composition
  • Using logging for control and audit output
  • Combining two applications into one
  • Combining many applications using the Command design pattern
  • Managing arguments and configuration in composite applications
  • Wrapping and combining CLI applications
  • Wrapping a program and checking the output
  • Controlling complex sequences of steps
Previous Section
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