Book Image

Introduction to JVM Languages

Book Image

Introduction to JVM Languages

Overview of this book

Anyone who knows software development knows about the Java Virtual Machine. The Java Virtual Machine is responsible for interpreting Java byte code and translating it into actions. In the beginning, Java was the only programming language used for the JVM. But increasing complexity of the language and the remarkable performance of the JVM created an opening for a new generation of programming languages. If you want to build a strong foundation with the Java Virtual Machine and get started with popular modern programming languages, then this book is for you. The book will begin with a general introduction of the JVM and its features, which are common to the JVM languages, helping you get abreast with its concepts. It will then dive into explaining languages such as Java, Scala, Clojure, Kotlin, and Groovy and will show how to work with each language, their features, use cases, and pros and cons. By writing example projects in those languages and focusing on each language’s strong points, it will help you find the programming language that is most appropriate for your particular needs. By the end of the book, you will have written multiple programs that run on the Java Virtual Machine and know about the differences between the various languages.
Table of Contents (21 chapters)
Title Page
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewer
www.PacktPub.com
Customer Feedback
Preface

Kotlin language fundamentals


It is advisable that you have the Kotlin reference documentation available while learning Kotlin. You can find it by clicking on the LEARN link on its homepage or by visiting http://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/.

We'll cover these topics in this section:

  • Defining local variables
  • Defining a function
  • Kotlin's types
  • Loops

Defining local variables

Local variables are defined with either var or val:

    var aMutableNumber = 24
    val anImmutableNumber = 42

The difference is that variables defined with var are mutable, while variables defined with val are immutable. A type can optionally be defined:

    var aMutableString: String = "A type can optionally be specified..."
    val anImmutableString: String = "...no matter whether you are using
                                     var or val"

The available types are discussed later in the Kotlin's types section of this chapter. Variables cannot be assigned to null (nothing) without taking precautions. Kotlin has a unique typing...