Just after launching the IDE, let's proceed by creating a new project. Such a process will be performed many times while reading the book to create the example applications according to information provided in particular chapters.
To create a new project:
- Click on
File|New|Projectin the main menu. - Choose
Installed|Visual C#|Windows Classic Desktopon the left in theNew Projectwindow, as shown in the following screenshot. Then, click onConsole App (.NET Framework)in the middle. You should also type a name of the project (Name) and a name of the solution (Solution name), as well as select location for the files (Location) by pressing theBrowsebutton. At the end, click onOKto automatically create the project and generate the necessary files:
Congratulations, you have just created the first project! But what is inside?
Let's take a look at the Solution Explorer window, which presents the structure of the project. It is worth mentioning that the project is included in the solution with the same name. Of course, a solution could contain more than one project, which is a common scenario while developing more complex applications.
Note
If you cannot find the Solution Explorer window, you could open it by choosing the View | Solution Explorer option from the main menu. In a similar way, you could open other windows, such as Output or Class View. If you cannot find a suitable window (for example, C# Interactive) directly within the View option, let's try to find it in the View | Other Windows node.
The automatically generated project (named GettingStarted) has the following structure:
- The
Propertiesnode with one file (AssemblyInfo.cs) that contains general information about the assembly with the application, such as about its title, copyright, and version. The configuration is performed using attributes, for example,AssemblyTitleAttributeandAssemblyVersionAttribute. - The
Referenceselement presents additional assemblies or projects that are used by the project. It is worth noting that you could easily add references by choosing theAdd Referenceoption from the context menu of theReferenceselement. Moreover, you could install additional packages using theNuGet Package Manager, which could be launched by choosingManage NuGet Packagesfrom theReferencescontext menu.
Note
It is a good idea to take a look at packages already available before writing the complex module on your own because a suitable package could be already available for developers. In such a case, you could not only shorten the development time, but also reduce the chance of introducing mistakes.
- The
App.configfile contains the Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based configuration of the application, including the number of the minimum supported version of the .NET Framework platform. - The
Program.csfile contains the code of the main class in the C# language. You could adjust the behavior of the application by changing the following default implementation:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace GettingStarted
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
}
}
} The initial content of the Program.cs file contains the definition of the Program class within the GettingStarted namespace. The class contains the Main static method, which is called automatically when the application is launched. The five using statements are included as well, namely System, System.Collections.Generic, System.Linq, System.Text, and System.Threading.Tasks.
Before proceeding, let's take a look at the structure of the project in the file explorer, not in the Solution Explorer window. Are such structures exactly the same?
Note
You could open the directory with the project in the file explorer by choosing the Open Folder in File Explorer option from the context menu of the project node in the Solution Explorer window.
First of all, you can see the bin and obj directories, which are generated automatically. Both contain Debug and Release directories, whose names are related to the configuration set in the IDE. After building the project, a subdirectory of the bin directory (that is, Debug or Release) contains .exe, .exe.config, and .pdb files, while the subdirectory in the obj directory—for example—contains .cache and some temporary .cs files. What's more, there is no References directory, but there are .csproj and .csproj.user files with XML-based configurations of the project. Similarly, the solution-based .sln configuration file is located in the solution's directory.
Note
If you are using a version control system, such as SVN or Git, you could ignore the bin and obj directories, as well as the .csproj.user file. All of them can be generated automatically.
If you want to learn how to write some example code, as well as launch and debug the program, let's proceed to the next section.