One of the big changes in Kotlin from Java is that, in Kotlin, everything is an object. If you come from a Java background, then you will already be aware that in Java there are special primitive types that are treated differently from objects. They cannot be used as generic types, do not support method/function calls, and cannot be assigned null. An example is the boolean primitive type.
Java introduced wrapper objects to offer a workaround in which primitive types are wrapped in objects, so that java.lang.Boolean wraps a boolean primitive type in order to smooth over the distinctions. Kotlin removes this necessity entirely from the language by promoting the primitives to full objects.
Whenever possible, the Kotlin compiler will map basic types back to JVM primitives for performance reasons. However, sometimes the values must be boxed, such as when the type...