The challenges of today's classical computers
The previous section demonstrated that researchers have always wanted computing capabilities to be as energy-efficient and portable as possible, which we can see through microprocessor companies such as Intel who keep shrinking the size of the processor and try to squeeze in as many transistors as possible in a small area of a chip with less heat dissipation. However, this brings a challenge: with a small scale of transistors, the phenomenon of quantum mechanics starts to dominate!
Because of the phenomenon of quantum mechanics, the classical computation process starts to give inaccurate results, as well as the fabrication of silicon chips being hindered.
According to Moore's law, originating in 1965, it is predicted that the number of transistors in new electronic chips would double every 2 years.
The semiconductor chip fabrication is certainly facing a physical limit when it comes to building more miniaturized microchips...