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Quantum Chemistry and Computing for the Curious
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"As we scale towards a million [qubits], I think we've got some fundamental issues in error correction, control, and maybe quantum physics that can rear their heads," he said, adding that even those problems are "solvable."
– Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman and CEO
Figure 3.1 – Scaling of the quantum computer [authors]
There are fundamental differences between classical computing and quantum computing; classical computing is deterministic with 1s and 0s, and quantum is probabilistic with a twist. Quantum computers work with probability amplitudes, which is a postulate of quantum mechanics (see Section 2.2, Postulate 2 – Probability amplitudes). The probabilistic amplitudes of quantum computing behave differently from classical probabilities in that these values can cancel each other out, which is known as destructive interference.
Destructive interference...